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Have a question? Send it in! Questions are answered by Rabbi Bartfeld.
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# 3625 Rich & Barefoot?
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Q. Hello Rav, I'm wondering if there is a problem of davening without shoes on? I've been in a few situations recently where there was a minyan in a house Motzei Shabbat and its winter in Toronto, so no one is wearing shoes inside the fancy house and they gather a minyan to daven Maariv and no one is wearing shoes.
I was once in a similar situation where the host regularly had a Maariv minyan at his home and he had slippers for everyone for davening. Obviously in our society, its preferable to have nice shoes on for davening, but do the feet need to be covered for davening M'ikar Hadin? (such as in this situation when you really can't avoid this minyan and you also can't put your shoes on in their house)?
thank you!
A. As mentioned in the above question the wearing of shoes in shul and during davening, has undergone a historical transformation.
Shulchan Aruch (O.H. 91: 5) rules that one should not enter a Shul with and uncovered head or feet, if the custom in that place is not to do so in front of great people. Mishna Berura (12) adds not to daven with boots on if the common practice is not to do so in front of leaders. (see also Maharam Mintz 38, Rashbash 285 and others)
Oruch Hashulchan (O. H. 151:9): rules “And there are Muslim lands where they go to the synagogue barefooted, but this is not a good custom, and they learned this from the Muslims, and it should be abolished”.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit'a opinion is that, as mentioned in Mishna Berura it all depends. If one would receive and encounter guest of importance while wearing the clothes and shoes one is, he can daven and enter Shul with them on.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 4/1/2022 12:26 PM |
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# 3624 An Old Shoe
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Q. I wonder Kvod Horav why is it that in our days we are not supposed to daven barefoot in Shul when in ancient times it was preferred?
A. It is obvious that in Biblical times, it was correct to remove one's shoes before praying to Hashem as mentioned (Shemos 3: 5): And He (Hashem) said (to Moshe), "Do not come closer. Take your shoes off your feet, because the place upon which you stand is holy ground :
In Yehoshua (5: 15) The captain of Hashem's’s host answered Yehoshua, “Remove your shoes from your feet, for the place where you stand is holy.” And Yehoshua did so.
We well know that in the Beis Hamikdash the Cohanim performed the Avoda barefoot. Talmud, (Zevahim 24a) quotes Rabi Ishmael: “Just as with regard to service vessels, nothing may interpose between [the Priest] and the service vessel, so too with regard to the floor, nothing may interpose between [the Cohen] and the floor.” This Halachah was codified by the Rambam (Bi’as Hamikdash, 5: 17).
Moreover, the Mishnah (Berakhot 9: 5) teaches that all people entering Har Habbais would also remove their shoes as mentioned: “One should not enter the Temple Mount with a staff, or with shoes on, or with a money belt, or with dusty feet."
Even in much later times in some places they would take off shoes before entering Shul, as Talmud Yerushalmi (Bava Metzia 2: 8) relates that; 'Yehudah B'ribbi entered a Beis Midrash and left his sandals outside the door. When he returned he realized that they were gone (stolen). He said: Had I not gone to the synagogue, my sandals would not have gone!'
See also Mishnah Megillah (4: 8) “One who says: I will not pass before the ark wearing sandals, he may not pass before it even barefoot
However it was not universal anymore as great importance was given to wearing shoes, as Talmud (Shabbos 129a) tells; “Rav Yehuda said in the name of Rav: One should always sell the beams of his house and purchase shoes for his feet” or “One wearing shoes on his feet — is a human being” (Shabbos 152a)”. See also Talmud Shabbos (10a) Rabbah bar Rav Huna would don 'puzmaki' and pray. He said: “Prepare to greet your G-d, Israel!”
See next question.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 4/1/2022 12:21 PM |
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# 3623 Wine Talk
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Q. Hello Rav, I was recently at a large Shabbat dinner. After the host made Kiddush, I drank from the wine that was in front of me and did not wait for the host's wine to come around. After drinking I (accidentally) starting speaking to the person across the table for me who had not drank anything and was being quiet waiting for the host's wine to be passed around. He accidentally answered me and starting speaking until his wife pointed out what he had done.
At this point, what should he do now that he has spoken? He is Yotzee Kiddush (comply with) without drinking any wine and is allowed to drink it (because the host has already had some), or given his hefsek, is it better for him to take the sip (its a mitzvah to drink from the wine, but not an obligation) or not (because of the hefsek)?
Second Question: If he does choose to drink from the wine, I assume that would exempt him from saying a Bracha on any other wine he is drinking from the table, but if he choose not to (because of the hefsek), he wouldn't be yotzei the Kiddush and need to make his own "borei Pri Hagefen" before drinking any wine. Is that correct?
A. See answer to question above when one does not need to recite a new brocho.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit'a opinion is that it applies only as long as one has not spoken before drinking some wine.
After drinking some, he is not required to recite another blessing when the one making Kiddush drank from the wine himself.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 4/1/2022 12:18 PM |
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# 3622 Keep it Coming
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Q. Hello Rav, I recently attended a Shabbat meal with about 50 guests. There was plenty of wine bottles all around the table. When the host makes Kiddush for us on Friday night and we want to taste the wine, Is there a preference to wait for the little bit they are sending around the table and drink from that (takes a while to hand out to 50 guests so there is a hefsek, but it is also from the wine that the Kiddush was said on) or is better to just drink a bit from the bottles that are right in front of me that I can drink immediately and then later drink the kiddish wine when it gets to me? Thanks
A. Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit'a opinion is that if the wine remains of the Kos Shel Bracha or Kiddush cup will reach one promptly while one is still keeping his mind and attention on them and before his mind strays into different matters, one should wait and drink them. However, if that may take longer, then it is best to drink some of the wine close by and later drink the remains of the Kos Shel Bracha as they arrive.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 4/1/2022 12:16 PM |
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# 3621 Thanks but No Thanks?
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Q. Hello Rav, I'm wondering about what to do when you are in the middle of a bracha and realize you've already said it (or really to need say a different bracha than the one you originally had in mind to say). For example, I'm going to drink some Coke. I said "Baruch Attah Hashem", but then I realized I've already said a Shehakol that covered it.
Is it best to say "Lamedeinu Chukecha" or better to finish the bracha as an "Adama" on a potato chip on the counter. Second question: what if I've finished the shehakol, but then immediately realize I've already said it, should I admit defeat and just say "Baruch Shem Kavod...." or should I switch the bracha (b'toch K'dei....within 2 seconds) to something else by saying "Borei Pri Hadama" and eat the chips on the counter that I wasn't planning on eating.
I was looking around and it seems there could be a difference if the bracha was D'oraita vs Rabbinic and possibly if its an obligatory bracha (teffillin) vs optional (eating). I can't figure out the psak, please help. Thanks!
A. Once the name Elokenu has been said one cannot add Lamdeinu Chukecha as this is not a passuk anymore.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit'a opinion is that the best choice in this difficult situation is to end the bracha of Shehakol and eat a very small piece of the chips in both cases.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 4/1/2022 12:14 PM |
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# 3620 Found the Lost Men!
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Q. The posuk (Chayei Soro 24: 54) mentions that Avraham's servant (Eliezer) AND THE MEN THAT WERE WITH HIM ate, drank, and slept.
These men were not mentioned until now. Are these men part of Eliezer's retinue? Or do they refer to Besuel and Lovon? If the former, did they come with him? Or did they arrive later? If the former, why did Rivka not offer to give them water as well?
A. There are three mentions of the men that accompanied Eliezer in Parshas Chaye Sarah. It seems from the simple text and Meforshim, that those men came with Eliezer to help him, as he came with a heavily loaded caravan of ten camels.
Chezkuni, Yikro Deuraissa, Meshech Chochmo and others explain that an added purpose for their coming was to complement the minyan needed for a Seudas Eirusin (following Tosafos Kesubbos 7b).
Shaarei Aharon (32) quotes Rav Ephroim that the reason they were not mentioned constantly, was that since they constituted a group that followed Eliezer, they were included with their leader.
He also mentions that it is obvious that if Rivka gave even the camels to drink, she previously had to draw water for the men.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 4/1/2022 12:09 PM |
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# 3619 Where am I?
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Q. We are planning to come from Eretz Yisroel to North America for Pesach. This year, Shir Hashirim will be read on the 1st day of Pesach in Eretz Yisroel and the 8th day in Chu"l. Since the 8th day is technically not Yom Tov for us (we need to say regular Shabbos Amidah, avoid saying Hallel), should we read Shir HaShirim for ourselves on the 1st day of Pesach?
May we get an Aliyah in the Kri'ah of Aser T'aser?
May they read all of Acharei Mos at Mincha for our benefit?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit'a opinion is that you should preferably recite Shir Hashirim at the Seder, as is the minhag of many.
The Rov Shlit'a maintains that you should not receive an Aliya when reading a parsha that does not correspond to your obligation.
He added, that if Tircha Detzibur and the unnecessary excessive time consuming reading for the rest of the minyan is not an issue, they may read all of Acharei Mos at Mincha.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 4/1/2022 12:07 PM |
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# 3618 Taanis Ukraine
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Q. Why don't we have a day of fasting and tefillah for Ukraine like the Jews had in the Purim story?
A. The obvious answer is that we are lacking the united and recognized leadership provided by Mordechai and his Beis Din in those days.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s added that we indeed had a Taanis for that purpose, as Moetzes Gedolei Hatorah declared to include during Taanis Esther this year, Tefilos and Tehilim for those Kehilos and individuals.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/27/2022 4:46 PM |
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# 3617 A First Glance
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Q. Dear colleague, I give a very necessary and helpful daily 15 minute shiur on Hilchos Shabbos in shul between Mincha and Maariv. Since we are already during the thirty days before Pesach and following the ruling of Shulchan Aruch, should I change it to teaching the Halachos of Pesach?
What is Rav Miller's opinion?
A. It would seem rational that since both Halachos are very needed, you should divide the short available time in two parts and concentrate on the most necessary and crucial Halochos that the tzibur needs and has to know. (It would be helpful to expand the time a bit during these weeks if possible).
Horav Shlomo Miller’s opinion is similar
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/24/2022 11:20 PM |
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# 3616 The Calm Before the Storm?
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Q. Dear Rabbi, I remember reading in the name of Rabbi Avigdor Miller zt'l how important it is always not to rush into anything one is about to start, even mitzvos as going to Shul or a Simcha. Before all, he advises, one should take a pause and think of what is about to happen and the negative possibilities that can occur. Giving echo to the words of the Sages "Wise is the one that can foresee what may happen."
So when one enters Shul in the morning to daven, should he not do so with "Zerisus" as one is supposed to do when doing al mitzvos?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller’s opinion is that Halacha also requires that one should stop a bit before entering a Beis Hamedresh or Shul and reflect on what he is about to do.
After all,'Watchfulness brings to Eagerness'; (Avoda Zara 20b).
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/24/2022 11:11 PM |
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# 3615 Eat, Drink and be Merry
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Q. Does one who eats chametz or drinks chametz during the thirty days before Pesach comply with the mitzva of Biur Chametz or destroying the chametz? If yes, should one have such Kavana (intention) in his mind to comply with a Biblical mitzva? It could make a difference in the keeping of hundreds or maybe even thousands of mitzvot.
A. Poskim disagree. Rema (O.H. 485: 1) rules that if one burns the chametz on the night after the Bedika, one complies with the mitzva of destroying the chametz. Chok Yaakov (ibid.), Mishna Berura (5) quote Maharik that since on the fourteen of Nissan, no chometz will be extant, even if the destruction of it was done during the prior thirty days, one has kept the mitzva when that day arrives,
Horav Shmuel Kamenetzky Shlit'a (Kovetz Halochos - Pesach 1: 4: n: 5) indeed writes that following the opinion of the Minchas Chinuch that the mitzva of Tashbisu or destroying the chametz is a positive command, one indeed complies with the mitzva whenever one eats chametz during those thirty days.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s opinion is that it depends on the different Halacha opinions.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/24/2022 11:09 PM |
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# 3614 A Fresh Start
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Q. My partner and I own a catering service. Until now we used to rent the wedding and Bar Mitzva halls necessary. Recently we built one of our own. We disagree on what is better to do now. Should we start before Pesach with a few Semachot and then Kasher the hall and kitchens for Pesach, thus complying with a number of mitzvot when searching, cleaning and destroying the chametz. Or is it better to continue using the rented hall until Pesach and then start Pesach with an uncontaminated by chametz new hall . What is better?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller’s opinion is that it depend on a number of variable factors, such as who is going to do the cleaning and kashering if the place is used before Pesach etc. The safest option would be to start just for Pesach. However, the place should be searched and cleaned from the possible chametz left by the construction workers.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/24/2022 11:06 PM |
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# 3613 No Bets on the Chometz
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Q. As I mentioned over the phone, the tradition of my Chassidishe family is to be extremely careful with Chometz and already thirty days before Peisach we don't bring any Chometz or products that may contain it, into the house anymore. On the Shabbosim before Peisach for Lechem Mishne we use Machine Matzos with a common Hechsher, that we would not use in Peisach, (we only eat Shemura Matzos).
For making Kiddush on Shabbos morning before the meal (more than an hour since we daven early) can we use egg matzos. Is that correct?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller’s opinion is that if that is your minhag, it is correct.
Drinking an additional cup of wine or grape juice would also b e considered a Kiddush Bemakom Seuda, similar to eating Mezonos.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/24/2022 11:04 PM |
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# 3612 Never Too Late?
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Q. If someone forgot or misplaced a Shalach Monnos, can it be send after Purim?
A. HoravYaakov Hirschman Shlit'a mentioned that although one cannot comply with the mitzvos of Purim after it has passed, there is still a benefit of Havoas Sholom between people and other mitzvos involved, when delivering the Shalach Monos.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s opinion is similar.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/24/2022 11:03 PM |
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# 3611 A Most Special Time
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Q. During his Hesped for Horav Chaim Kanievsky zt'l, Horav Itzchok Zilberstein Shlit'a mentioned that whoever takes part in that most important Levaya and davens to Hashem in the Zechus of the great Tzadik and Godol BeYisroel, the Tefilos will be granted. Does that apply also to the ones who were zooming the Levaya on the other side of the world.
A. Horav Shlomo Miller’s opinion is that it does as it was after all an 'Eis Rotzon', or an incredibly great time of good will from Hashem.
Horav Dovid Pam Shlit'a added that it is similar to the one davening at home, that Poskim recommend to do so at the time when the Tzibur davens.
(See questions 3119 and 2721 that although a Zoom group does not create a minyan and one does not even have to answer amen to a brocho recited by that media, for some purposes such as a Seudas Mitzva and a siyum, it is effective).
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/24/2022 11:01 PM |
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# 3610 A Woman's Work is Always Done?
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Q. Dear Rabbi we so appreciate your questions and answers, because of the anonymity and openness provided. If it wasn't there many, specially women, would be concerned and afraid to ask question.
We had an unusual situation in our family last Friday, Shushan Purim.
It was an occasion of great need of work, no only to cleanup after Purim, but also to prepare for Shabbos. Yet one of our daughters that learns in Bais Yaakov, insisted that women are not supposed to do work on Shushan Purim. Is there some truth to such an Halacha?
A. Surprisingly in Shulchan Aruch, Darchei Moshe (O.H. 696: 2), Beer Heitev (3) quotes Maharil and Avudraham that there is a source for this prohibition. Nitei Gavriel (p. 180) also quotes opinions that women abstain from melochos on Shushan Purim, including Yalkut Meam Loez on Esther (p. 248: 2) that mentions it is a great sin.
However as Horav Pam Shlit'a pointed out, all work that is permitted on Yom Tov and done for Shabbos needs, is certainly not included.
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is similar.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/24/2022 10:59 PM |
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# 3609 The Joys of Spring
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Q. Someone that requires a heart pacemaker that can be implanted during the week before Purim or the week after, can it be delayed and still have the blessing of the good Mazal of the Adar month?
A. On question 1289 regarding if Mishenichas Adar Marbim Besimcha (when the month of Adar begins we increase joy), applies also after Purim, if the joy keeps on increasing and if it continues into Nissan too, for the purpose of starting a new business or scheduling a medical operation that can be postponed, we wrote:
"Although the mitzva of being besimcha and rejoicing in serving Hashem and performing His mitzvos applies always (Rambam H. Lulav 8: 15, Rema end of O.H.)), there is an additional commitment to do so in the month of Adar. .
Eishel Arohom (2: 685: 8) asserts that it includes the complete month of Adar, as the posuk (Esther 9: 22) reads “the month which was turned for them from sorrow to joy.” See similar Chasam Sofer (hag. O.H. 551: 2).
Shaarei Hamoadim (p. 20) maintains that the simcha increases from day to day and even from hour to hour.
Rashi (Taanis 29a) explains that the marbim besimcha is due to the days of miracles of Purim and Pesach. Therefore, Eliahu Rabba (685: 8), Shearim Metzuyanim Behalacha (141: 1), and others affirm that it extends even to the month of Nissan. See also Nitei Gavriel (Purim 11: n. 3) as to the view of the Chassam Sofer and Sheilas Yaavetz
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Horav Shlomo Miller’s opinion is that if someone can choose to have a medical procedure done during the beginning of Nissan, if it will not interfere with the enjoyment of the Yom Tov, he should do so. He also maintains that the marbim besimcha ends at the end of Pesach, when the Sefira days begin."
Horav Shlomo Miller’s opinion is that the medical preference of the doctors and what they recommend takes precedence.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/23/2022 3:26 PM |
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# 3608 Let the Simcha Begin
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Q. Dear Rov sorry to bother you on such short notice. I'm a Torontonian learning in a Yeshiva in Bnai Brak, and BE'H I'm getting married this coming Sunday (20 - Adar II) in the late afternoon. I just heard the terrible tragic news of the Petirah of Rav Chaim Kanievzky ZTL.
Could you ask Rav Shlomo Shlit'a (I always follow his opinion when possible), if I can attend the Levayah before my wedding? Thanks a million.
A. As we spoke on the phone, due to the difference in hours I won't be able to answer you in time.
I did ask Horav Shlomo Miller Shlit'a this morning and his opinion is that you are allowed to attend the Levayah, since the Chosson restrictions begin at the Chupa.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/21/2022 7:12 PM |
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# 3607 The Purim Piñata
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Q. I know this is an unusual shaila, but is it permitted to do a piñata game with the kids on Purim? It is a lot of fun.
A. A piñata is a container, often made of papier-mâché, pottery, or cloth, that is decorated, filled with candy or cakes, and then broken as part of a celebration. Piñatas are commonly associated with Mexico.
Each participant, usually a child, will have a turn at hitting the piñata, which is hung from above on a string. The participant is blindfolded, given a wooden stick, and then spun a number of times. As the participants works to hit the piñata, another moves it to make it harder to hit.
There are different historical sources to the game. Some maintain it is religious, some say the Aztecs would also have a similar tradition, However, in our days the piñata has all but lost its religious significance and has become popular in many types of celebrations. (from Wikipedia).
It is a game often played in Mexico's even in religious Jewish schools and homes.
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that if indeed it has lost its religious meaning and is played by Jews also, it would be permitted.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/18/2022 1:46 PM |
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# 3606 No Cheques Accepted?
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Q. Can one give a cheque for Matanot Laevyonim or does it have to be cash?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that if the cheque is made in the name of the receiver or for cash, and the needy receiver can exchange it during Purim, one complies.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/16/2022 6:18 PM |
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Important Numbers
