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Have a question? Send it in! Questions are answered by Rabbi Bartfeld.
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# 4117 Speak for Yourself
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Q. Rav, If someone gets an aliyah at a shul with a different Nusach (tradition of pronunciation) than his, which version of the bracha should he say? For example, a Sephardi would add "et Torato" in the bracha after the aliyah. Is that appropriate to do in an Ashkenazi minyan? And should an Ashkenazi add it when at a Sephardic minyan? Have any Poskim deal with this specific question? Thanks!
A. The accepted tradition in our days is that a person receiving an Aliya can recite the brocho following his own singular pronunciation, whether it is Ashkenazi, Sephardi, Chasidic etc.
On question 3150 regarding one who pronounces Hebrew and davens with Ashkenazi pronunciation and is given an aliya at a Sephardic shul, where the Baal Koreh (Torah reader) pronounces the reading of the Torah following that tradition, should he when standing by the Torah, follow reading quietly the Sephardic pronunciation, or use the one he always uses? He is afraid that since he is not familiar with the reading, he probably will make mistakes if he reads on his own. What is correct?
To what we answered “Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that if he will make mistakes while reading on his own, he should better follow and quietly repeat the Sephardic reading of the Baal Koreh.
See also question 1848 regarding someone with background in Ashkenazi and Sephardi communities, and is able to daven with either pronunciation.
He always davens with Ashkenazi pronunciation. Can he daven for the omud in a Sephardi shul with Sephardi pronunciation, or avoid davening for the omud?
Is it same the other way around (someone that always davens with Sephardi pronunciation, daven for the omud in Ashkenazi shul)? The question is about pronunciation, not Nusach.
To what we answered: In regard to the reading of the Torah especially in regard to Parshas Zachor, there are various opinions if one can comply when reading or listening to another different pronunciation than one’s own.
(See a collection of different rulings on Ribavos Efraim O.H. 6: 376 and others).
In regard to Tefila, Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is to follow the many Poskim that maintain that if one davens before the omud, he should follow the established pronunciation accustomed in that congregation, even when different to one’s own and he would still comply with his obligation. (See similar in Yalkut Yosef – Tefila 105: 5, Igrois Moshe O.H. 4: 23 and 65, Minchas Yitzchok 3: 9, Oz Nidberu 3: 48, et. al.)
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 2/16/2023 10:49 PM |
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# 4116 The Doctor's Doctor
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Q. When in need for saving a life of a sick person during Shabbos, and one has an equal choice of similar doctors to call, yet one is Jewish but not Frum and the other is a Gentile, which one should one call.
A. Although some Poskim maintain that he should choose the non-Jewish one, Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit”a opinion is to choose the Jewish one as the mitzva done may be beneficial for his Teshuva return or his children's return to Hashem.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 2/16/2023 10:47 PM |
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# 4115 A Matter of Life and Death
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Q. See prior question. We had recently a case of a terrible car accident in our city and besides 911, Hatzalah was also called since they are much faster. Sadly there was already a fatal casualty and we were debating when calling Hatzalah if we have to inform them about the fatality since there are members who are also Cohanim. Did we have to tell them?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit”a opinion is that since you are dealing with the saving of life, the faster any help arrives is most essential and crucial regardless whether they are Cohanim or not.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 2/16/2023 10:45 PM |
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# 4114 Cohen Can Save a Life
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Q. Is a Cohen permitted to join Hatzalah?
A. See Bikur Cholim (p. 17) and others that it is allowed.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit”a opinion is similar.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 2/16/2023 10:37 PM |
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# 4113 Cutting the Water Off
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Q. Is condensed steam water dripping from an air conditioner Muktza on Shabbos?
A. See question 565 regarding a Mikvah with water that formed and dripped directly from an air conditioner, if it is considered Maim ‘Sheuvim.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit”a opinion is that this water would be Muktza during that Shabbos
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 2/16/2023 10:34 PM |
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# 4112 A Cut Ice Kiddush
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Q. Dear rabbi, this question may seem strange, but it is actually needed. At the Shabbath kiddush in shul we have young families with children attending. Many of them like during the deep freeze days to go outside and brake icicles hanging from the low roof in the backyard and then use them to mix their drinks or cool them. Is that permitted?
A. As mentioned above and also on question 2069 regarding if snow muktza in Shabbos we wrote: “Shulchan Aruch (338: 8) and Mishna Berura (ibid. 30) permit the use of rain water collected during Shabbos, as long as it is clean and fit to use. Most Poskim maintain that the same applies to snow (Mekor Chaim 320: 11, Eishel Avrohom (312), Shemiras Shabbos K' (16: 44) and others.
However, Igros Moshe (O. H. 5: 22) maintains that snow is different and there is an inherent ‘nolad’ (created during Shabbos) prohibition on it. Tiltulei Shabbos quoting RS'Z Auerbach zt'l suggests that snow in our days should be considered muktza, since it does not have any use and should be like stones and dirt. Nevertheless. Poskim are lenient, since people play with it and shovel it too. (Piskei Teshuvos 338: n. 144).
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'’a opinion is that it is not muktza. Therefore, one is allowed to shovel a path during Shabbos when in need.”
On question 393 regarding chopping ice on Shabbos. By using a metal scrapper to break ice on a path or steps, we wrote: “Mishna Berura (320: 36) quotes Mogen Avrohom’s opinion that there is a difference between breaking ice collected on a vessel, which the Shulchan Aruch (ibid. 10) permits and chopping ice that is attached to the ground, where it may be considered building or demolishing. However Mishna Berura mentions that many Poskim disagree and rules that in need the ice can be broken.”
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit’a therefore permits also the use of the icicles.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 2/16/2023 10:32 PM |
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# 4111 Clean as Fresh Snow
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Q. Someone walking to shul on snow during Shabbos had to adjust his boots. As he was also learning Torah while walking, he wanted to clean his hands by using the snow. Is that permitted?
A. On question 394 regarding shoveling snow on Shabbos, we wrote; “Sh’miras Shabbos Kehilchoso (16: note 110) quoting Rav S. Z. Auerbach Zt’l rules that snow that fell on Shabbos is not Muktze (see Mishna Berura 338: 30). Igrois Moishe (O.H. 5: 22: 37) disagrees.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that in case of real need, as when you cannot enter or exit, you may shovel what is essential.”
Regarding our question Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that he should not pick some snow and rub his hands with it to clean them, rather, he should just deep his hand in the snow instead.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 2/16/2023 10:29 PM |
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# 4110 Geeks Bearing Gifts?
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On question above, since the Frum tenants in the building do not want to appear as being antagonistic to the united group of other residents seeking collaboration and unity for the benefit of all during this Valentine party, can they just send gifts of chocolates or fruits, without taking part on the festivity?
A. Horav Nosson Hofman Shlit’a maintains that it could be done.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that it could be done if the gifts were send a week earlier.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 2/16/2023 10:27 PM |
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# 4109 A Free Ride but No Lift
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Q. A person who was Mekabel Shabbos early by saying it with his mouth and then while walking in the street was offered a ride and forgetfully accepted and entered the car, what should he do now?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that he can stay in the car, however should wait for the driver to open the door for him. (We must assume he davened Mincha earlier)
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 2/16/2023 10:24 PM |
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# 4108 Is this a Yom Tov? Really?
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Q.Can one join a building Valentine party to which some of the prospective Baalei Teshuva of our Kiruv group belong in order to be Mekarev them?
A. On question # 3563 we were asked the following; “I’m a Frum father living in a building where most of the neighbors are Jewish some Frum and some not so much. All neighbors joined a WhatsApp link and it has so far worked nicely to unite the neighbors and solve common building issues.
The group came our recently with an idea of celebrating a Valentine day party. The will give out chocolates, gifts and flowers to spouses and address how important they are. All with the intention of promoting Shalom Bait and family unity. Is there any problem joining? What exactly are the sources for Valentine’s Day?”
To what weanswered: “A quick search on the Saint valentine day reveals that it likely originated as a pagan holiday named Lupercalia that was a fertility festival dedicated to Faunus, the Roman god of agriculture. The Luperci, an order of Roman priests, would gather at the cave where Romulus and Remus, the founders of Rome, were believed to have been suckled by a wolf (or ‘lupa’). The priests would sacrifice a goat for fertility and a dog for purification.
Young men would be smeared with the blood, which was then wiped off. The goat’s hide would be torn into strips and dipped in the blood. The two young men would put on loincloths made from the goat’s skin and run around slapping women and crops with the blood-stained goatskin strips as a fortuitous omen for fertility. Given its Roman roots, it is not surprising that the icon of Valentine’s Day is Cupid. Cupid is the son of Venus, the Roman goddess of love. (In Greek mythology, Venus is Aphrodite and Cupid is Eros, from which we get words like ‘erotic’).
Pope Gelasius declared February 14 to be St. Valentine’s Day in the year 498 and the Roman ‘lottery’ system was outlawed. (From ourtora.org)
In the 800s, the Church adapted many pagan holidays into Christian holidays. The day commemorates the martyrdom of St. Valentine. Yet scholars know almost nothing about this St. Valentine. Most believe that Valentine lived in the late 3rd century C.E. However, the name Valentine (derived from the Latin word valeo meaning strong) was common in the ancient world. There are at least 30 mentions of the name in historical documents from this time period.
Some maintain that Valentine was a priest who was arrested by the Emperor Claudius. Following a theological debate about the merits of Christianity, Valentine was sentenced to live with a noble by the name of Asterius in a form of house arrest. With the help of G-d and true faith, Valentine miraculously restored the sight of his master’s adopted daughter and, in doing so, converted Asterius and the 24 members of his house. When Emperor Claudius heard of this miracle and the subsequent conversions, he had Valentine killed.
An added related detrimental event happened during year 1349 when the Bubonic Plague, known as the Black Death, was sweeping across Europe, On Valentine’s Day a horrific mass murder when 2,000 Jews were burned alive in the French city of Strasbourg, being accused of causing the plague.
Although, sending cards, chocolates and giving gifts can be explained as a rational expressions of love and appreciation, independent of any possible Christian roots, however, based on the above historical sources of events of the day and on the opinion of Igros Moshe (Y.D. 4: 11: 3), most Poskim prohibit the festivities and traditions of Valentine’s day.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is similar.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 2/12/2023 5:08 PM |
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# 4107 Let the Good Times Already Begin!
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Q. Is there a purpose for someone that requires a delicate medical intervention to wait until Chodesh Adar?
Can it be done as needed after Tu Bishvat?
A. On question 1634 we mentioned that Adar is a time when good mazal prevails, so it is a propitious period to begin new shiurim, establish new mitzva projects, and other endeavors whose success will bring joy. (See question 990 regarding new business ventures).
Indeed, on the first day of Rosh Chodesh Adar the date written on a Halacha official document such as a Get, would be; ‘The thirtieth day of the month of Shvat, which corresponds to Rosh Chodesh Adar.’
Nevertheless, Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that it is already included on the auspicious and fortunate good mazal of Chodesh Adar.
On question 990 we added: “Derech Sicha, (Miketz p. 188,) Nitei Gavriel, (Purim – Teshuvos 2) et. al., opine that it begins from the first Adar. Nitei Gavriel (ibid. 464) quoting the Munkatcher Rebbe, adds even from Tu Bishvat.
The reason why the beginning date and time is so undefined and not exactly and clearly established, may be that likely it depends on the nature of each individual and his particular needs and situation. The great month of Adar is willing to accommodate itself to the needs of each individual.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 2/9/2023 11:12 PM |
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# 4106 The Torah Honoring our Kedoshim
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Q. Recently someone donated a Sefer Torah in honor of the Kedoshim of the Holocaust. Before giving it to the shul he attends, the terror attack in Neve Yaakov on the Shabbos night (Friday Jan. 27) Parshas Bo occurred, and he lost there a dear friend.
Can he also now donate the Sefer Torah in his memory and include his name on the cover of the Sefer Torah?
A. Horav Dovid Pam Shlit’a and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit’a maintain that it depends if the Sefer Torah was written when having in mind the Shoah Kedoshim and dedicated to them, so the past holiness is already done, established and cannot be changed.
However, if the Sefer was acquired after already being written and will be dedicated for the Kedoshim at the time of the Hachnassas Sefer Torah ceremony and the writing of the last letters, the Kedoshim of Neve Yaakov terror attack could also be added then.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 2/9/2023 11:08 PM |
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# 4105 The Labor of your Fruits
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Q. A Kiruv organization that has an established well attended and successful shiur on Monday nights want to make a Tu Bishvat special party and Seuda on Monday night (year 2023) and make a Seder on eating the fruits that usually has a great response.
The problem is that this year Tu Bishvat is Monday and the shiur is usually at night, when it is already the day after. Is there any way one may extend the day of Tu Bishvat to the night after as one does with Shabbat or Yom Tov and comply then with the tradition of eating the fruits?
A. Although when we deal with Shabbos or Yom Tov, the Kedusha of the day can be extended in some ways after the Halacha dictates the end of the day and even after Havdalah can be recited, even until close to midnight if you leave enough time, for praying Maariv and eating the Melaveh Malkah Seudah. However, for most other purposes, the day does not necessarily extend after the night sets in.
It would seem that the same applies to Tu Bishvat, so there would be no purpose or sense to have during the night after a Seuda honoring Tu Bishvat, eating the fruits and reciting the Tefilos and brochos of that meaningful day after the day has ended.
However some suggestions and solutions have been mentioned.
Some mentioned that at least in principle, when dealing with Kodshim, and the Beis Hamikdosh sacrifices, the night follows the day, so in a sense, since the fruits eaten during Tu Bishvat could be appreciated (as they are by some Chassidim sources) as being sacrifices to Hashem, then the night after would follow the day.
Another solution would be, to start the Seuda before sunset and then continue the meal after nightfall and daven Maariv after the end of the Seuda.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 2/9/2023 10:56 PM |
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# 4104 Enjoy your Meal
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Q. Is there a mitzva to make a Seuda or special meal on Tu Bishvat when you eat the fruits of trees?
A. The common accepted minhag is to increase the amount of tree fruits one usually eats on Tu BiShevat the Rosh Hashana of trees.
Some have the minhag to do a special Seuda, others even have the custom to have a special Seder, of how and the Tefilos recited when eating the fruits. (See Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 139: 26, Magen Avraham O H 131: 16, Tikkun Yissachar pg. 25, Kaf Hachaim 131:97, Mishna Brurah 131: 31 and 225:19, Yalkut Yosef Moadim p. 248: 5, Moadim LiSimcha vol. 3 pg. 20-27 – 34 -35 and others.)
The minhag of eating fruits applies to women as well (Nitei Gavriel p. 69).
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 2/9/2023 10:46 PM |
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# 4103 A Full Day
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Q. Does one need to keep Shabbos until 77 minutes after Shkia due to Tosefes Shabbos? or is 72 enough?
A. Horav Dovid Pam Shlit’a and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit’a maintain that the few minutes of the Tosefes Shabbos are added to the 72 minutes at the end of Shabbos.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 2/9/2023 10:43 PM |
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# 4102 Live a Full Life
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Q. Dear Rabbi thank you for the class. During the class you touched the subject of euthanasia. This left me seriously thinking. As you know, the doctors at the critical care in the hospital tried to make me sign a DNR when my husband was fighting for his life after the accident 9 years ago. Then tried to terminate his life not once but twice.
Baruch HaShem with your help and dr Kirzner's help and intervention my husband is well and going strong. we do have challenges and it is not easy, but he is awalking miracle. Please let me know how can we help you and the other rabbis in the fight to change that terrible law.
On another personal situation, my mother has a pace maker, and before the dementia took over she said she did not want to get intubated if the situation was no longer with a possibility of recovery. what should we do? Regards.
A. Horav Dovid Pam Shlit’a and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit’a maintain that even if there is no possibility of recovery, life should be maintained.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 2/9/2023 10:41 PM |
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# 4101 Curtain Lecture?
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Q. See questions above. I have often wondered when being in a similar situation of having to enter or exit a home or hall and women are present at the entrance, if I’m holding on to my coat that can be placed over my hand bellow the elbow, and it being four Tefachim wide (about 40 cm.) and ten tefachim long (about 1 m.), would that be considered as a Mechitza or separation, permitting me to walk between the women?
A. Although those measurements are what a temporary Mechitza requires for this purpose, a Mechitza should be stationary and not in the move.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 2/9/2023 10:39 PM |
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# 4100 Watch Where You Go
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Q. In the future how should he avoid walking between women in a similar case? How severe is that walking between women prohibition?
A. On question 3755 regarding seating in a full plane between two women, we wrote: “The source for this tradition is the Talmud Pesachim (111a) that teaches; In three cases one should not be allowed to pass between two people walking along a road, and people should not walk between two of them, and one of them is a woman. Talmud Horios (13b) mentions that this is one of the ten acts that cause the forgetting of the Torah.
Although this Halacha is quoted in Kitzur Shulchan Aruch (50: 8), it is omitted in Shulchan Aruch, yet the minhag is kept.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that one does not need to compensate monetarily the women to change seats if they refuse after being asked to kindly do so.”
See also question 1655 and 2995 regarding participating in a marathon or a large walking event when women also take part.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 2/9/2023 10:37 PM |
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#4099 Talk the Walk
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- Q. See question 4092 - Regarding the unfortunate incident of being arrested, does the Yungerman need to apologize for putting his hand on the child without the mother’s permission? In the future how should he avoid walking between women in a similar case? How severe is that walking between women prohibition?
A. A. If one sees the video of the Bris in Brooklyn (still available on line), it is obvious that the Yungerman did not do anything wrong at all and did not force the kid to accompany him while he was walking between some women while exiting the house. He just asked him to walk next to him.
Even if he had forced the kid to walk with him, and then he would naturally have to ask ‘Mechila’ and apologize, it would be essentially to the kid. In that case he would have to wait until he becomes Bar Mitzva since only then he can forgive him.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 2/9/2023 10:34 PM |
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# 4098 Bottle Down II
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Q. Re question 4087. While carrying out the procedure of opening a grape juice bottle as described by the Rav, lets say one bachur offers to open it in the regular manner relying on the lenient opinions. How should the Rebbi respond? Is it permitted to use after the fact?
A. Since the lenient opinions mentioned above are not usually accepted, one should refrain from doing it.
However, after the fact if the grape juice bottle was opened in the regular manner, Horav Dovid Pam Shlit’a and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit’a rule that if it was done ‘Beshogeg’ or by mistake and lack of knowledge, it can then be used.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 2/9/2023 10:32 PM |
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Important Numbers
