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Have a question? Send it in! Questions are answered by Rabbi Bartfeld.
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# 3896 Not Over One's Head
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Q. Since one is to blow the Shofar when the wide opening is facing up, if in a particular case it faces sideways, does the Baal Tokea have to incline his head to comply with the above.
A. Indeed Poskim mention that the wide opening of the Shofar should be facing up, (Shulchan Aruch O.H, 585: 2, Mishna Berura 9). However, when it isn't, Horav Dovid Pam Shlit'a and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a maintain that the Baal Tokea does not have to incline his head for it.
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is similar
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a.
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Posted 9/22/2022 10:13 PM |
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# 3895 Doing Too Much?
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Q. Kvod Harav, I heard that there may be an issue when davening Maariv before the Z'man (night) since one has to repeat the Shema after it becomes proper night, one may transgress the prohibition of Baal Tosif or adding to the mitzvos?
A. Regarding counting repeatedly the Omer and repeating other mitzvos we wrote on question 3109 the following:
"Minchas Yitzchok (6: 45) quoting several great Chassidic authorities, relates that these Tzadikim would mention many times every day, the omer number of that day. Thus giving a different perspective to the meaning of “Temimos” or complete days. Moadim Uzemanim (7: 230) debates whether Hagr'a would maintain that you comply with the mitzva every time the count is repeated, as he maintains on eating a repetitive Kezais of matza during the days of Pesach.
Poskim maintain that there i's usually no prohibition of Ba'al Tosif when repeating a mitzva several times. Tosafos Rosh Hashana 16b in reference to blowing additional times the shofar on Rosh Hashana or holding the Lulav several times a day in Sukos. Turei Even disagrees (ibid.)
However, Igrois Moshe (O.H. 2: 60) debates if there is a prohibition of Ba'al Tosif when davening Maariv before the z'man, if one recites the shema too early with the intent to fulfill the mitzva. He therefore stresses one should have intent not to fulfill the mitzva at that time. He also argues that Shema is essentially a part of Torah learning and there's no prohibition to learn Torah multiple times.
(See Chavos Daas – Beis Hasofek, Safek Safeka: 20, opines, that repeating Shema twice, even within the obligated time is prohibited).
Horav Dovid Pam Shlit'a maintains that one should have in mind a conditional intention, that whichever reading of the Shema is correct, it should be considered as the mitzva. This applies only when one of the readings may not be on the correct time for reading the Shema and then one may violate the Baal Tosif prohibition.
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that that it is not necessary as the accepted opinion is not to be concerned with multiple repetitions of Shema.
The common minhag is that people repeat the Shema several times in the day, such as by Korbonos, before going to sleep or when donning Rabenu Tam Tefilin etc.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a.
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Posted 9/22/2022 10:10 PM |
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# 3894 Let's Give Him a Hand
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Q. Can someone who has an artificial hand blow Shofar on Rosh Hashana holding on to the Shofar with that hand.
A. On question 2928 regarding the use of a prosthetic electronic arm hand on Shabbos we wrote:
“Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that a melacha or work performed on Shabbos by using only the electrical charges that emanate from ones controlled and willing thoughts, collected by electrodes attached to the head, is considered a proper melacha. However, for someone who does not usually use his thoughts for the creation of electrical discharges, it likely would be a melacha performed with a shinui or a significant deviation from the norm and therefore only Rabbinically prohibited. However, an invalid or paraplegic that uses this method to constantly move and perform other works, for him it becomes the norm and would constitute a Biblical prohibition.”
Therefore, the use of that bionic arm and hand, regardless whether it is done directly, by using the electrical discharges provided by the nerves or the electrical waves provided by the brain, would not be permitted during Shabbos. However, if one turned off the arm before Shabbos, and just wants to use it as a covering or dressing to look like others, it would be permitted.
On question 2929 regarding if one can wear and carry that electrically disconnected arm or hand in the street, on Shabbat when there is no eruv, we wrote: "Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that if it was disconnected and is properly attached so it wont fall off and indeed it makes the carrier look normal, it is permitted."
Therefore, it would be permitted to blow Shofar holding it with that hand.
As a mater of fact, Horav Dovid Pam Shlit'a and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a maintain that in needed someone else can hold the Shofar for him, since as opposed to a Lulav there is no mitzva to hold the Shofar.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a.
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Posted 9/22/2022 10:08 PM |
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# 3893 Free Night Delivery
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Q. My Dear Rov Shlit'a. As you well know I'm trying to be the very best Baal Tokea possible in all ways. I would like to know if I can bring the Shofar to shul on the first night Rosh Hashana after the Shekia (I daven Mincha early). I heard that some hold that the Shofar is Muktza in the night when you don't blow. Is that correct?
A. Although, Kovetz Halochos (10: 11) indeed debates the issue of a Muktze prohibition on a Shofar in the night, most Poskim disagree and as Horav Dovid Pam Shlit'a and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a maintain, the common minhag is that there is no prohibition involved and you may carry the Shofar at night.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a.
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Posted 9/20/2022 9:36 PM |
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# 3892 In Heaven's Name
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Q. Kevod Horav. Is it correct that on Rosh Hashana night meal, when we eat the special symbolic foods and recite the customary 'Yehi Ratzons', if one has the minhag to say them with Hashem's name, can one have his very young children also repeat them with His Holy Name?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that as they are permitted to recite the brocho itself with Hashem's name, so they are permitted to say the Yehi Ratzons too.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a.
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Posted 9/15/2022 10:22 PM |
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# 3891 Don't Blow it!
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Q. Dear Rabbi. An aged patient in an old age home, that constantly wear diapers and is most of the time wet. can one blow shofar for him when in such a condition?
A. On question 2835 regarding someone who is in the bathroom and hears the shofar while he is there, is he yotze bediebed (comply after the fact), or does he have to repeat those tekios and if one is even allowed to have Kavana (intention) to be yotze, we wrote:
"Biur Halacha (588: d’h Shoma), debates whether someone standing in an unclean space, such as a bathroom, while listening to the shofar complies with the mitzva or no. He argues that he should since some mitzvos like wearing tzitzis are permitted there and only when words or thoughts of Kedusha are involved one does not. He quotes the Mateh Efraim who maintains that after the fact he complies but on the onset, he should repeat the tekios if possible, but without a brocho. He adds that since we rule that mitzvos require Kavanah or intention to comply, that in itself is similar to Torah learning.
However, Shaarei Tzion (690) maintains that the Kavanah is essential only at the beginning of the mitzva.
See Bekorei Shemo – (Mitzva 14), regarding fixing tzitzis inside an unclean place and Hilchos Ketanos (2: 57) concerning Shechita done inside unclean sites. See also question 445 on observing the six constant mitzvos in unclean situations and questions 2227 and 2593 in regard to what aspects of Torah related educational material can be read in a bathroom.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that Bedieved one complies with the shofar heard while inside a bathroom."
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that our case is similar.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a.
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Posted 9/15/2022 10:20 PM |
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# 3890 Shofar Not So Good
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Q. Can one use on Rosh Hashana a Shofar that belongs to a friend without permission these days?
A. On question 2662 we wrote: While blowing with a Shofar without permission from the owner may be questionable even bedieved (after the fact), if not for the concept that the mitzva is listening and not the blowing itself, also we assume that a person is pleased that someone else complies a mitzva with his property. (See Shulchan Aruch O.H. 586: 2, and Mishna Berura 9). Sefer Chasidim (771) rules that one who davens with a siddur that belongs to another without his permission, has to repeat his tefila; however, other Poskim disagree.
In the days when people are afraid of disease contamination one should not use someones Shofar without his permission as he may not comply even after the fact.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a.
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Posted 9/15/2022 10:18 PM |
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# 3889 Memorial Tribute
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Q. Can one attend a memorial ceremony done in an Orthodox shul in memory and honor of Queen Elizabeth II?
A. As mentioned above, it is proper to pray and be active in undertakings and initiatives for the welfare of the State one is living in.
On that spirit, Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that living in Canada, a Commonwealth Country, one can attend such ceremonies as an act of thanks and recognition.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a.
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Posted 9/15/2022 10:14 PM |
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# 3888 Hashem Save the Queen
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Q. See question above. Is it correct to recite in shul the Tefila composed by the Chief Rabbi of Great Britain Rav Mirvis on the death of the queen?
A. I did show Horav Shlomo Miller Shlit'a the Tefila composed by Rabbi Ephraim Mirvis and he said it is proper.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a.
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Posted 9/15/2022 10:13 PM |
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# 3887 Patriot's Pray?
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Q. Why is it that in our days few Minyanim pray for the peace and welfare of the land we are in, when it was customary to recite such a Tefila on Shabbat in the past?
A. Seforim mention different opinions regarding the Prayer for Shalom Malchus.
It is mentioned by a known Mishna in Pirkei Avos (Ethics of the Fathers 3: 2) "Rabbi Chanina the assistant to the high priests would say Pray for the well-being of the government, for were it not for the fear of its authority, a man would swallow his neighbor alive”
Rashi, Rabenu Bachya and others maintain that one should also pray for the rulers of Gentile governments, as is mentioned in Yermeyahu (29: 7) “And seek the peace of the city where I have exiled you and pray for it to Hashem, for in its peace you shall have peace."
Midrash Lekach Tov (Miketz) on the verse (41: 16) 'And Yosef replied to Pharaoh, saying, "Not I; Hashem will give an answer that will bring peace to Pharaoh," that it is the source for praying for the well-being of the government.
Most Poskim maintain that this Tefila is only a tradition and not an obligation (See Machatzis Hashekel, Aruch Hashulchan 284 and others). However some differ. Michtav Sofer (O.H. 1) quotes Meiri (Avoda Zarah 4a) that it is indeed an obligation. Seder Hayom mentions that it is a mitzva 'Midivrei Kabbala.'
Seder Yaakov (ibid.) explains that from the fact that Rebi did not set this principle in the Mishnayos of Brochos but rather in Pirkei Avos, shows that it is not an obligation but just a tradition.
The Prayer for the Welfare of the State, is still a fixture in many synagogues on Shabbos morning, not just in Britain, but in shuls around the world. Throughout the centuries in the many lands of our exile, synagogues faithfully followed this rabbinic injunction.
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that as usual every community should follow their established traditions.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a.
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Posted 9/15/2022 10:12 PM |
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# 3886 Cover All Bases
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Q. What kind of Schach cover for a Suka is best. Hollow single bamboo poles, Badatz Schach mats, or pine branches?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that pine branches are best, since they are placed following the way they grow on the trees, while the bamboo based Schach are placed perpendicular to the way they grow.
When questioned the Rov mentioned that he uses separate bamboo poles.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a.
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Posted 9/15/2022 10:11 PM |
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# 3885 No Free Ride?
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Q. I have been a Baal Tefilah for many years during Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur for free. I recently heard that it may be better to be paid something for the service, is that true?
A. There seems to be some contradiction in the Poskim regarding the wages mentioned.
Shulchan Aruch (O.H. 585: 5) writes that one who collects wages for blowing the Shofar or for davening during Shabbos and Yom Tov, will not see any blessing from those payments. As the Mishna Berura points out it is mainly due to the prohibition of collecting wages for work done on Shabbos and Yom Tov.
However Shulchan Aruch (O.H. 53: 22) rules that a Shaliach Tzibur who is payed is better than one who serves voluntarily. Mishna Berura (63) mentions two reasons. One of them is that since he is being rewarded he has more responsibility ans obligation to perform his work properly.
Poskim also point out that it is better to pay for a mitzva that receiving it for free.
Piskei Teshuvos (585: 5) advises to take a small reward, (he may later donate for Tzedaka).
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that if he has not received any payment until now, he should continue not collecting.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a.
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Posted 9/15/2022 10:09 PM |
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# 3884 The Future is Here
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Q. On question 1828 the Rov quoted Baaley Mussar and others who argue that if the Ben Sore Umore is executed on account of what he will do in the future, and if this applies to future wrongdoings it surely should hold true for mitzvos to be done in the future, as long as there is a certainty that they will be so done. The above can make a tremendous difference on the judgment of the Yemei Hadin. The Rov also quoted Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion that even just three days may create such a chazaka.
If I'm starting to give a large Daf Shiur but only after Yom Tov, what can I do to have the above principle apply now to me and really tip the balance in this coming Yom Hadin?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that it is simple, all you have to do is start now preparing the Dafim you will teach in the future.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a.
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Posted 9/15/2022 10:07 PM |
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# 3883 Blow Away that Moustache?
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Q. If a Baal Tokea has a very full beard and moustache, is there a problem if hairs intercept between his lips and the shofar.
A. Piskei Teshuvos (586: 11) quotes R'A Shlezinger zt'l (2: 382) that the hairs of the moustache are indeed a 'Hefsek' or separation between the lips and the Shofar and should be removed.
After the fact, when the blowing was done and some moustache hairs were separating, Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that one complied with the mitzva.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a.
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Posted 9/11/2022 4:16 PM |
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#3882 The Matzav of the Matzeiva
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Q. Dear Rabbi, My father Matzeive in 50 years is beginning to slowly crumble, the weather, erosion and acidic rain is working. The quality of the tombstone on the beginning was not the best, I would like to change the existing concrete cover plate to marble one (no change on head stone with writing). Is there any restriction to uncover the place of resting for short period of time and do I have to make a new unveiling?
Or it is better to leave it as it is?
After that I have to do the same for my in-lows Matzeive - same problem. Thank you.
A. Erecting a Matzeiva is an obligation as we mentioned on question 2728. "Yaakov Avinu erected a monument on Rochel’s grave (Bereishis 35: 20). Mishna (Shekalim 2: 5) establishes that obligation and payment dues, to erect a tombstone as asserted by the Tur, Shulchan Aruch (Y. D. 348: 2) and Teshubas Horashbo (56). The Zohar, the Arizal and Sefer Chassidim (738) also place great importance and significance on the monument named Nefesh or soul.(See Gesher Hachaim, Kol Bo and others).
However, regarding the ceremony, Nitei Gavriel (Avelus 2: 67: 3) writes that “after researching all Seforim dealing with the traditions of communities, chevros kadishos, avelus and related topics, he could not find a source for the order of the ceremony of Hakomas Hamatzeiva.” He mentions, what is actually said and recited, depends on each community and the Sidurim and similar texts they use."
Therefore, you should properly fix the Matzeivos as needed. The existing concrete cover would likely be broken into pieces and those should be buried underneath or on the side of the new marble cover plate. There is no restriction to uncover the place of resting of your dear ones, for the short period of time needed for the repairs.
Although, as mentioned no ceremony is basically needed, you should dedicate some time for learning Torah and helping Torah institutions in the name of your dear ones.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a.
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Posted 9/8/2022 10:34 PM |
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# 3881 Value the Glue
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Q. Can one use for supporting the Schach of a Suka wooden beams that have been glued together? Is that considered as 'Maamid' or providing support for the Schach using something that is not fit for being covering a Suka or maybe it just avoids the beams separating and by itself does not give support.
A. Shebet Halevi (137: 9) permits because the glue is usually not visible or is not used as S'chach for covering a Suka, which are the reasons of the 'Ma'amid' prohibition.
However, some Poskim are stringent. (Sefer Hasuka 1: 18: 21 quoting Horav Eliashuv Zt'l on Kovetz M'Beis Levi).
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that additionally, if the glue is just holding the beams together and not providing direct support, it would anyway be permitted as nails also are in a similar situation.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a.
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Posted 9/8/2022 10:31 PM |
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# 3880 By the Skin of your Teeth
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Q. See question above. Can one swallow the small pieces of skin that are next to the nails?
A. Rambam (Ma'acholos Assuros 4: 21) rules that human skin is the same as the flesh and is equally prohibited to be eaten. However, Rashbo (Responsa 365) leans to permit, unless it derives from a cadaver, which would render the skin prohibited in benefit.
Although the human flesh eating prohibition is Biblical, regarding skin Poskim disagree whether the prohibition is Biblical or only Rabbinical. (Ben Ish Chai - P. Emor 2: 5, Maadanei Hashulchan 34).
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a.
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Posted 9/8/2022 10:29 PM |
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# 3879 Go with Tooth and Nail
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Q. Is one allowed to swallow the nails that he cuts with his teeth?
A. Poskim disagree. Doleh Umashkeh (p. 145) quotes Ben Ish Chai that one should not tear his nails with his teeth, as he may actually swallow a piece and transgress on a Biblical prohibition. However he is lenient, but on the onset one should avoid doing it.
Kaf Hachaim (Y. D. 79: 11) adds concerns that one may eat also some of the skin itself (See next question) or that out of being accustomed, he may do it also on Shabbos.
Torah Lishmah (213) deals with nails that fell into a boiling cooking pot, if the food may also be prohibited due to the 'Ba'al Teshaktzu' prohibition or eating something disgusting. He mentions also that on the onset one should not eat the cooked food, since there is a 'Ruach Ra'ah' or spirit of impurity resting on cut nails.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a.
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Posted 9/8/2022 10:28 PM |
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# 3878 Make a Name for Yourself
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Q. The custom to say a posuk with one's name at end of Shemonei Esrei, how is that done for example Avraham Yisroel, it is the first letter of the first name "A" and the last letter of "L" or last letter of "M"?
or 2 pesukim?
A. Question 3007 mentions: "I would like to start saying the pasuk after the amida that contain the first and last letter of my name. (psukim lesheimos anoshim – noshim), since my father used to say it also. The problem is that I can’t find in the list given, a posuk that fits my name. What should I do?"
To what we answered: "Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that you should choose from the list a posuk that begins with the first letter of your name, and follow with a second posuk that ends with the last letter of that name."
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a.
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Posted 9/8/2022 10:26 PM |
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# 3877 A Point of Honor
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Q. Can one ask a Cohen seating close by in a Seuda to pass over some food or utensil? Would using a Cohen for that purpose constitute a violation of the mitzva of 'Vekidashto' to honor and show respect to a Cohen?
A. On question 2256 we wrote: "Poskim disagree if the mitzva of Vekidashto applies only to matters of Kedusha and holiness, as would seem from the words of the Talmud (Gittin 59b), 'Sanctify him for all matters of holiness,' or it extends to all occasions.
Maharsho (Nedarim 62a) depends the above on Rashi’s interpretation, that we are dealing even with items that do not have holiness, and the opinion of the Rosh and the Ran that maintain it applies to the distribution of the Lechem Happanim or similar.
Shita Mekubetzes (Nedarim ibid.) adds that the meaning of “Dabar Shebekedusha” refers to important and relevant matters, where honoring someone is significant and not to trivial acts, that don’t carry any esteem or recognition.
Tumim (15: 3) explains that the reason Poskim do not mention to give precedence and priority to a Cohen at judgment time, is because it is not a matter of holiness. Similarly, Pri Megodim (135: 1) writes that the serving of a Cohen first, refers to a Seudas Mitzva and not to a regular meal.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that when possible it is better to honor a Cohen in all occasions when the kavod is meaningful, since according to many this is a Biblical mitzva. One should do so especially if the Cohen can also be regarded as being a Talmid Chacham."
On our particular case Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that if it is a Seudas Mitzva, when you are asking the Cohen to to pass over some food or utensil, you are asking him to perform a mitzva and 'Vekidashto' is actually being complied.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a.
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Posted 9/8/2022 10:23 PM |
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