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Have a question? Send it in! Questions are answered by Rabbi Bartfeld.
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# 4307 Policing the Police Place
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Q. Is it recommended or even proper and permitted to buy for using as a Talmud Torah a building that was used as a police station. It included a jail, that constantly was home for all kinds of criminals and most impure characters. Is it correct? Why is this different than using for the same purpose an abandoned church?
A. On question 1649 regarding davening lekatchila in a shul that was once a Catholic church we wrote:
“Mishna Berura (154: 45) quotes Mogen Avrohom that if the building has been sold and the idols and statues were removed it is permitted, since the building itself was not worshiped. However, in Biur Halocho he mentions that when idols that are worshiped were placed in the building (as is usual in Catholic churches), although the building after being sold and the idols removed is now permitted for common use, it should not be used as a shul.
Many Poskim support this view (Eliyahu Rabba (154:15), Pri Megodim (Eshel Avrohom ibid. 17), Chassam Sofer (Orach Chaim 42), Bnei Zion (63),Maharam Schik (Y. D. 154) et. al.)
Igrois Moishe (O. H. 1: 49) writes that although it became customary in our countries to convert churches into shuls, relying on the opinions of Mogen Avrohom and Mishna Berura, he does not support the view and considers this to be “mous” or repugnant. However, after the fact, he agrees that it is permitted. He recommends to totally remodel the inside of the walls, so the location acquires a new face or ponim chadoshos.
Various denominations of Christian churches do not maintain in their temples any idols that they actually worship and would therefore be permitted when sold and the symbols of their religion are removed.
Chashukei Chemed (Avoda Zarah 47a) mentions that Horav Eliashuv’s zt’l opinion was to be lenient following view of the Mogen Avrohom and Mishna Berura when the inside is redone.
He also permits entering the former church to examine and determine the changes needed
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Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is also to be lenient when remodelling is done. He additionally recommends to use the property for another use a complete year, before turning it into a shul.”
In our case Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that it is permitted.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 6/23/2023 12:11 AM |
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# 4306 Crumb the Crumb?
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Q. Are crumbs Muktza after Bentching? What about matzah or cake crumbs?
A. Shulchan Aruch (308: 27) rules that even crumbs less than a Kezais size one is permitted to remove from the table since they are used for animal feed. In our days some save them to be fed to the free backyard birds after Shabbos. See Mishna Berura (110).
Chut Hashoni (3: 60: 1) is of the opinion that during the meal one may touch bread crumbs since it is the way of common eating.
Piskei Teshuvos (308: n. 339) quotes Orchos Rabenu that Horav Yaakov Yisrael Kanievsky Zt’l was careful following the Mishna Berura’s opinion not to remove the crumbs remaining on the table after the meal directly, but rather to use another item (such as a piece of cardboard).
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is similar.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 6/23/2023 12:08 AM |
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# 4305 Tzedek Taxes
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Q. How do I calculate the tzedakah on the sale of a house? If I still have a mortgage, do I deduct it as well as the original cost of the house? What about the real-estate, land transfer tax, HST and other fees? What if this leads me with a shortfall to buy another property? Can I use the profit and have my estate take care of the final cheshbon?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that if one would be unable to pay for the new house if he gives at that point Maaser after having deducted all expenses that had to be paid, he may delay the Maaser to the future after he aquires the needed new house and can actually afford it.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 6/23/2023 12:03 AM |
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# 4304 The Date changed the Date
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Q. Is there a Gemara that says that a man should not be seen talking in the street to even his wife are daughter for fear that someone would think he was doing something wrong? If so, do qe follow this? What about people who are on a date? Do they have to date indoors?
A. In our days even Kollel people walk in the streets with their family, Dating is also commonly done in public to avoid issues of Yichud.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that indeed in some Chassidic circles the above is avoided and one should keep the traditions of his family.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 6/23/2023 12:00 AM |
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# 4303 Lost The Silver Spoon?
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Q.There was a story about a young kallah who called the Rabbi crying that she just made her chassan a fleshing meal and accidentally put the milchig (silver) spoon into it and was upset that she would have to throw it away. The Rabbi said: "Didn't you just get married? Was the spoon actually used?" Fortunately, it was designated but not actually used so there was no problem with it.
Now I am wondering about the spoon. Is it a minhag not to change an item from fleishig to dairy and vice versa? If so, do we have to follow it? Can she purposely rekasher it?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that in this particular case one may be lenient especially if it involves Sholom Bayt.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised byHorav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 6/22/2023 11:57 PM |
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# 4302 Could we All Join You
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Q. (See question above). If there is a torn page in a sidur and I can’t read the page, can I just join the two parts together during Shabbat davening without attaching them in any way?
What happens if one places the two pieces inside a plastic envelope and that holds them a bit together, and they are used for reading the Shema during the Shabbat Seuda at Friday night?
A. Poskim are lenient when one has not another proper sefer available (Teshuvos Rema 119, Mishne Halochos 6: 89, Shmiras Shabbos K’ 28: 3).
Regarding if the two pieces are placed inside a plastic envelope that helps to hold them together, Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that it should not be used during Shabbos even when needed for reading the Shema.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a
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Posted 6/22/2023 11:49 PM |
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# 4301 Read This
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Q. If there is a torn page in a sidur and I can’t read the page, can I just join the two parts together during Shabbat davening without attaching them in any way?
A. Poskim are lenient when one has not another proper sefer available (Teshuvos Rema 119, Mishne Halochos 6: 89, Shmiras Shabbos K’ 28: 3)
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Posted 6/18/2023 10:38 AM |
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# 4300 Ask Me Another..
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. Q. Another question Kvod Horav. I impart a very necessary and essential weekly Halacha shiur on the laws of Shabbat in my shul, and I explain very needful and indispensable information on what it involves to observe Shabbat properly. Since time is short and of essence, should I dedicate some of it at the end of the shiur for questions and answers?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that the question answer time is extremely essential so the listeners can truly understand what has been said, and will not commit Chilul Shabbos by mistake. Definitely some time should be dedicated to it.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit’a
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Posted 6/16/2023 1:04 PM |
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# 4299 Pick and Choose
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Q. Kvod Harav. I as a Rabbi, was offered to enact two very different weddings on the same time but at different locations, and I cannot do both. One is a common young Frum couple, the other is an elderly couple in their late eighties that lost their partners and are getting married just to keep company.
Which marriage should I choose to perform?
A. Although, as you told me, the elderly couple are unable to have marital relations at their age, Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that the wife still has to immerse in a mikva after following the usual traditions.
The Rov also maintains that the usual brochos are recited at the chupa of the elderly, followed by the customary Yichud seclusion.
The Rov’s Shlit’a opinion is that although it is a very great mitzva to help the elderly couple in their quest to enjoy relief of loneliness and obtain such necessary mutual help at that difficult age, it is still a greater mitzva to perform the wedding of the young couple, that is able to procreate and establish a new family with children.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit’a
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Posted 6/16/2023 1:01 PM |
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# 4298 Hold on to the Baby?
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Q. I know there is a minhag for pregnant women or those of childbearing age not to go to a funeral. Is there a Halacha or minhag not to bring babies to a funeral or Shiva house?
What can be done when suddenly the mother has to attend the Levaya of a close relative or friend and does not have a babysitter?
A. Indeed different traditions are quoted by Poskim regarding women attending a funeral or entering a graveyard.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that one should follow his own minhagim and the customs of the local Chevra Kadisha and Beis Olam (cementery).
The Rov also mentioned that in need one may bring a baby to a funeral procession, funeral home or a Shiva house as long as it does not disturb the others present.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit’a
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Posted 6/16/2023 12:57 PM |
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# 4297 Order in Law
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Q. After davening during Shabbat it is common in a shul to collect the sidurim or chumashim and placed them in order on the usual shelfs. Is there a problem of Borer (prohibited choosing act on Shabbat) especially at the night tefilah?
A. On question 2226 we wrote: Poskim rule that when sefarim are arranged in order on a shelf, one next to the other, since they are not piled or mixed, there is no borer involved and one may take the sefer he desires, even it is to be used later on. (Lehoros Nossan 3: 22, Meor Hashabbos 4, Maaseh Ish p. 109 quoting Chazon Ish and others).
However, some maintain that the above applies only when the name or the kind of a sefer can be easily recognized by its color or clear written title. Otherwise it may be considered as being in a mixed pile. (Shemiras Shabbos K’. 3: 220, quoting Horav S.Z. Auerbach zt’l),
When many sefarim are piled on a table, one on top of the other, it is prohibited in principle to pick them and organize them, if they are needed later on.
Poskim mention some exceptions. As when sidurim that are of one single nusach, but some are larger or newer and therefore in principle, could be readily be used by all. In that case, there may not be a issue of borer at all, since all sidurim are seen as only one single kind of items. (Piskei Teshuvos 319: n.191).
Others permit when one picks the different seforim one by one, and reads from each a bit, before he places it on their new selected location. (Oz Nidberu 8: 9, ibid: n. 192). Some maintain that just taking the very one on top of the pile each time, is not included in the borer prohibition (ibid. 193). There are opinions that are lenient, when the seforim find themselves in an exposed or dishonorable situation (Mishne Halochos 15: 114, Yabia Omer 5: 31, et al.).
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that one should be machmir and not reorder sidurim of a different nusach for later use., if they are not clearly and distinctly recognizable and well marked, However, one does not have to rebuke the one who is lenient and does so.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit’a
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Posted 6/16/2023 12:44 PM |
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# 4296 Best to Choose the Best
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Q. . Regarding mixtures as they pertain to the Melacha of Borer (sorting), I have a few questions.
1) -If I have a challah (bread) in the freezer among other food items, is it considered part of a mixture so that I cannot take it out at night for the day meal? does it matter if I can see it upon opening the freezer?
A. If the challah is separate from other items that are different and stands by itself, there is no problem in taking it out of the freezer at night.
2) - If that challah is just on a shelf with other challahs of a different sort (like whole wheat, spelt , etc, ) is it a mixture? can I take out the specific one I want at night for the day meal?
A. In this particular case it is a mixture and it cannot be taken out unless one is to use immediately.
3) - If I have a pile of dinner plates under a pile of soup bowls in my cupboard, is it a mixture? do I have to wait until right before the meal if I want to use the dinner plates only?
A. In this particular case since the plates are easily recognizable and different and they are not mixed, there is no issue of ‘Borer’ (see next question).
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit’a
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Posted 6/16/2023 12:39 PM |
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# 4295 Feel at Home
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Q. One of the Gedolei Hador came to my neighbourhood and his Schachris minyan, was conducted in a house and open to the public. Is it better to daven in my Makom Kavua (establihed place) in Beis Hamedrash, or in the house with the Gadol?
Once one attended the Gadol’s minyan once or twice should he go back to davening in his Beis Hamedrash or rather continue davening by the Gadol?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that it is permitted to daven with the Gadol Haddor.
As far as continuing extensively depends on other factors such as the spiritual benefits attained and a Rov familiar with the situation should be consulted.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit’a
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Posted 6/16/2023 12:35 PM |
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# 4294 Cat Out of the Bag?
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Q. Can I feed my cat food that contains in its ingredients meat even of chickens and milk ingredients together?
A. The prohibition of eating meat and milk together is based on the Torah command: "Do not cook a kid in its mother's milk" (Exodus 23:19). Not only is the eating of meat and milk in combination prohibited but as the pasuk quoted mentions even the act of cooking them together is prohibited, as well as deriving benefit from such a mixture.
As a safeguard, the Sages disallow the eating of meat and dairy products at the same meal, or preparing them with the same utensils. Therefore, a kosher kitchen must have two separate sets of pots, pans, plates and silverware – one for meat/poultry and the other for dairy foods.
On question 64 regarding if a nurse serve a non Jewish patient meals that contain cooked meat and milk, we wrote: “Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit”a opinion is that it is permitted in need only, since there are several “Sfeikos” or doubts as to the nature of the prohibition in most common cases. Probably only a Rabbinical prohibition of Basar Vehalav is involved. The preparation may not entail the required act of Bishul or cooking proscribed by Halocho. There is also doubt as to what kind of meat and milk is being used and the amounts involved. All the above will create a ‘Sfeik Sfeiko’ or double doubt condition, which albeit still prohibited for consumption, would render the meal permitted for benefit.”
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit’a.
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Posted 6/16/2023 12:33 PM |
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# 4293 Stranger’s Dangers
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Q. Can I buy cat-food that has chicken and fish oil in it? What about a mixture of beef and fish, is that dangerous for animals as well as people?
A. Talmud Pesachim (76b) mentions that one may not cook meat and fish together since this mixture is considered to be dangerous.
Shulchan Aruch (Y.D. 116: 2-3) explains that it can be a factor in severe illness as leprosy. Magen Avrohom (O.H. 173: 1) debates whether this danger still prevails in our days. However, our tradition is still to avoid eating them together.
Pischei Teshuvo (ibid. 2) quotes Shebus Yaakov (2: 102) that the above also applies to meat from fowls also.
However, it seems obvious that it applies only to humans, since other prohibitions of Sakana (danger) also only apply to humans
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Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit’a
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Posted 6/16/2023 12:28 PM |
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# 4292 Sign Away
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Q. See question above. Thank you for your prompt answer. I have also seen often in Kesuvos written specially by an artist or the Chattan himself that there is a considerable separation between the text and the lines for the signatures. Is that also permitted after the fact?
A. The concern of having a significant gap between the last line of text and the signature lines is recorded in Shulchan Aruch. (Choshen Mishpat 45: 6). The reason is to prevent forgeries, since there is enough place to add falsehoods. The space should be less than two lines. (Nachlas Shiva 2, Kesuva Kehilcheso p. 53).
However, some Poskim permit after the fact (Mishpetei Kesuvo p. 359, Kesuva Kehilcheso ibid.)
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that one should add an additional signature over the others, to reduce that space.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit’a
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Posted 6/16/2023 12:26 PM |
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# 4291 Sign of the Times
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Q. Dear Rov I was at a wedding recently and I saw that the signature of one the witnesses at the Ketuba (marriage document) was almost illegible, you could not tell who signed it. Is that Ketuba Kasher.
Does the marriage ceremony have to be repeated?
A. Lechatchila (on the onset) the witnesses should write their full name and their father’s name clearly and without abbreviations, so anyone who reads it will know who they are.
However, after the fact the Kesuva is acceptable when legal signatures are on it. (Yafe La’alev E.H. 66: 5, Teshuvos Vehanhogos 1: 758, Kesuva Kehilcheso p. 53}
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is similar.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit’a
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Posted 6/16/2023 12:23 PM |
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# 4290 Cut the Cut
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Q. Re- question above of not performing a Bris Mila on Shabbos for a baby whose father isn’t Jewish. If a child is born by IVF from an egg donated by a Gentile mother, is the Bris done in Shabbat?
A. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) using mature eggs collected (retrieved) from ovaries and fertilized by sperm in a lab, is not uncommon in our days. In the case above, likely the baby will require conversion, and the Bris therefore cannot be done on Shabbos.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit’a
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Posted 6/8/2023 11:46 PM |
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# 4289 So Glad To Hear That
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Q. On question above If someone wakes up in the middle of the night and can’t sleep, if he turns on his cell phone and listens to a shiur, does he have to recite the Bracha on the Torah?
A. As mentioned above, one who just thinks in his mind Torah does not have to recite the brocho. However, Poskim rule that if one hears words of Torah said by others, he should say the brocho. The reason being that we have a rule “Shomea K’eone, one that listens is similar to one that says, and that applies to all blessings like Kiddush, Hamotzi, Shofar, etc. Therefore, hearing a shiur or words of Torah, according to many Poskim does require the brocho. The above is the rule and practice when receiving an Aliya to the reading of the Torah. (Machazik Brocho, Nefesh Chayo and others).
Whether, it applies to someone listening to a shiur on the phone, tape or radio, Piskei Teshuvos (47: n. 59) quotes Halichos Shlomo that considered the shaila and maintains that one should recite the brocho. Therefore, one that travels to shul by car in the morning and listens to a Torah tape, should see to recite the brocho before.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit’a
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Posted 6/8/2023 11:44 PM |
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# 4288 Food for Thought
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Q. We usually assume that just thinking thoughts of Torah while one wakes up in the night does not require to make the bracha on the Torah, is that correct?
A. On question 1434 we addressed the Shaila if one can make a Siyum if certain parts of the Masechta which were learned mentally, but not verbalized. To what we answered:
Shulchan Aruch (O.H. 47: 4) rules that one may think in his mind thoughts of Torah without previously reciting the bracha on the Torah, presumably because he does not comply with the mitzva of learning Torah just by thinking or meditating Torah ideas. However, Mishna Berura (ibid. 7) quotes Hagra’'s opinion that one should recite the bracha before engaging in Torah thoughts. (See Biur Halacha. ibid) Poskim explain that there are various different mitzvos involved in Torah learning. One of them is ”vehagisa.” This book of the Torah shall not leave your mouth; you shall meditate therein day and night. (Yehoshua 1:8, See Sefer Charedim 11 Tziunum Latorah 9.)
See question 270 where we mention Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlita opinion that you may perform a siyum on Torah learning done just by listening to a tape, as it is considered learning.
Therefore, Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlita opinion is that you can make a siyum when finishing a masechta that was learned in any language and even if it was learned only mentally, since it is considered learning Torah. (See similar ruling in Ohel Tomid quoting Horav Eliashiv zt’l.
Yet, in practice if one’s hands are clean, one may indeed engage in Torah thoughts while awake at night, before reciting the brocho on the Torah.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit’a
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Posted 6/8/2023 11:36 PM |
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Important Numbers
