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Have a question? Send it in! Questions are answered by Rabbi Bartfeld.
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# 4178 Women Included?
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Q. See question above. Would that apply also to the women?
A. Shulchan Aruch (O.H. 472: 14) rules that women are obligated to keep all the mitzvos of the Pesach night. Mishna Berura (44, 45) explains that it includes not only the four cups of wine, matza and maror but also the reciting the Hagada. Although these are mitzvos that have a distinct established time, since they were also saved by the miracles of Pesach, they have to keep them all.
Although all agree that women are obligated in the mitzva of telling the story of the redemption of Mitzrayim, there is a dispute as to whether the mitzva is a Biblical obligation or only a Rabbinic one. Chayei Adam (130: 12) maintains that since this is after all a time based is a mitzva (Mitzva Shehazman Gerama), on a Torah level women are exempt. However, the Chinuch (Mitzvah 21) maintains that the Torah obligation applies to women as well.
HoRav Elyashiv (Kovetz Teshuvos 1:52) explains why the Chinuch does not exempt women from this mitzva of Sipur which is time-based: The exemption of time-based mitzvos for women was first established with the giving of the Torah at Sinai. Therefore, the exemption only applies to mitzvos that were given at Sinai or later. Since the mitzva of telling the story of the redemption of Mitzrayim was given while the nation was still in Mitzrayim, women were included at that time, and it remained for the future also.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/30/2023 11:06 PM |
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# 4177 Please, You Tell Them the Story
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Q. Shalom Ubracha Kvod Harav Shlit’a. A dear friend of us, due to L’A an operation on his throat a few weeks ago, for a malignant growth lost his voice. He is very distressed and wants to know if he can comply with the mitzva of telling the Hagada to his large mishpacha by writing it before the Sedarim and then giving copies to his children? Can he name a visiting friend to recite it for them in his name?
A. Indeed Chashukei Chemed (Pesachim 116a) addresses this Shaila and mentions that if one names a Shaliach before Yom Tov in writing, we could say that the “Agent is like himself” and he would comply.
Although, he debates, if the mitzva of telling the story of our salvation from Mitzraim should be considered a “Mitzva Shebegufo” or an action that one has to do personally (like Tefillin) and an agent cannot perform it in one’s name, however, he then compares it to the teaching of Torah to our children, that is often done by others.
Horav
Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that the mizva of ‘Sipur
Yetzias Mitzraim’ (Telling the story of the redemption from Egypt),
applies to the home in which the Seder is carried out, and it could
be said in need by any of the attendants.
Rabbi
A. Bartfeld as revised By Horav Dovid Pam Shlit’a,Horav Aharon
Miller Shlit’a and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/26/2023 3:29 PM |
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# 4176 Not the Brightest Shabbos Clock
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Q. I have a digital clock which adjusts its brightness automatically based on the brightness in the room. There is no way to turn this feature off. If the clock is on can I enter the room or open/close the blinds in the room on Shabbos if it will make the clock brighter/dimmer? Is it problematic to have this clock on in the first place on Shabbos?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that one should indeed not use this type of clock on Shabbos.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised By Horav Dovid Pam Shlit’a,Horav Aharon Miller Shlit’a and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/24/2023 12:43 AM |
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# 4175 Must Mention Intention?
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Q. On question 4160 and others you mentioned the importance of learning now the Halachot of Pesach. I heard that this is a Mitzva M’deuraita (Biblical Mitzva), can that be true? Does then one have to have special intention for complying with it, as with other Biblical mitzvot?
A. Indeed Horav Shmuel Kamenetzky Shlit’a in Kovetz Halochos (Pesach 1: 1) mentions opinions that it is indeed a Biblical mitzva. Pri Megadim (E.A. 429: 1) quotes Maharsho (Suka 9a), that it is derived from the saying, that Moshe Rabbenu at the first Pesach instructed the nation to keep the second Pesach.
However, from Beis Yosef (429), Lebush, Shulchan Aruch Horav (ibid) and others it is obvious that it is only a Rabbinical enactment.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised By Horav Dovid Pam Shlit’a,Horav Aharon Miller Shlit’a and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/24/2023 12:40 AM |
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# 4174 Trial by Fire
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Q. Dear Rov. I attended a wedding in which the Rov also officiated. A woman walking down the line after the Bride, tragically got her dress caught in fire by some decorative candles that were placed on the floor on the way to the Chupa. Hatzala was called in, yet the woman was taken to the hospital.
I know that during a wedding ceremony and the feast and dancing afterwards, the Halacha dictates the people who were hurt then cannot claim damages, since people forgive each other in such happy occasions. I’m wondering if the above applies in this case?
Who pays if the insurance does not apply?
A. Rema (C.M. 378: 9) rules that Bachurim (young men) riding on each other while dancing and rejoicing at a wedding and while jumping with joy harmed each other, since it is an accepted tradition to do so, they are exempt of paying for damages. (See similar in Rema O.H. 695: 2, regarding Purim).
However, the Bach (Tesh. 210) maintains that it only applies to small and common damages. Mishna Berura (ibid 13) rules similarly.
Since the case is likely complicated, in such Shailes a proper and accepted Beis Din that will hear all sides and complaints should be engaged, when a settlement cannot be reached.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised By Horav Dovid Pam Shlit’a,Horav Aharon Miller Shlit’a and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/24/2023 12:25 AM |
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# 4173 Not the Brightest Candle
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Q. If someone by mistake lit a Yohrzait candle on the wrong day, and then realized his error, can he extinguish the candle and saved it for the right day.
A. Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that he can extinguish the candle and save it for the right day.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised By Horav Dovid Pam Shlit’a,Horav Aharon Miller Shlit’a and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/24/2023 12:21 AM |
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# 4172 Tend to the Traveling Treasure
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Q. A group of family and friends are traveling for Pesach to a settlement of rented houses and we are planing to have a minyan. Since we are traveling with luggage and children, which is the best way to carry a Sefer Torah
A. Piskei Teshuvos (135: 29) rules that when a Sefer Torah is to be transported, it should not be done by using the mail or other delivery services, rather a caring individual, that will carry it himself constantly, honourably and in a proper container should be used.
On note 187 he adds, that if it is in a suitcase or box, it should not be entered as cargo, but taken inside the plane with him and is possible, standing on a nearby seat, and not standing on the ground. He adds. That when in need it may be placed on the overhead compartment, when constantly supervised. The Sefer Torah should always be doubly covered with a Taalis or similar.
When traveling by car or van. Especially if there are small children traveling with, it would be best to place if when properly protected in a overhead secure container on top of the van.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that the box or container of the Sefer Torah, could be placed on the very back of the van, facing the back door, well secured and on top of other items.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised By Horav Dovid Pam Shlit’a,Horav Aharon Miller Shlit’a and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/24/2023 12:19 AM |
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# 4171 History in the Making
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Q. Shalom Rabbi Bartfeld. As per our phone discussion, I am sending you this email to ask for some guidance on how to find solid evidence that my wife and I have Sephardic Bnei Anusim ancestry. Since we want to convert in an Orthodox manner, we are searching our family history before approaching the Beit Din. Meanwhile, I have been studying with a Rabbi and going to shul on Shabbas.
My wife and I were born in Brazil and migrated to Canada in 2019. We believe in having Jewish ancestry (Both our families have Sephardic Bnei Anusim surnames such as Cardoso, Barboza, Cabral and Carvalho). After we married, my wife's grandmother told us that my wife's great-great-grandmother (Sarah Ferreira) was Jewish. My wife has a straight maternal lineage from her. My case is not clear yet.
Searching for official documents or public databases has been hopeless. So, we need help.
Professionally, I am a cancer biologist working in a Research Associate capacity at the University of Toronto, where my wife is also a Ph.D. student in Biomedical Engineering.
Looking forward to hearing from you,
With blessings.
A. Although, the details given do not provide solid evidence that you or your wife are Jewish in Halacha and most likely a proper Orthodox Beis Din will require a conversion.
However, you should indeed keep track of your ancestry and investigate it further. I have seen from experience when I was the Chief Rabbi of Mexico, how important that can be.
The history of the Jewish immigration from Spain and other countries as well as their persecution by the inquisition of the Crypto Jews is vast. Yet some almost miraculous return of individuals and families to Judaism have happened and their keeping of their history and memories was essential. It also provides an invaluable source of identity to the children.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised By Horav Dovid Pam Shlit’a, Horav Aharon Miller Shlit’a and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/24/2023 12:16 AM |
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# 4170 The Proven Oven
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Q. On Question 3793 regarding the temperature that a cheres (clay) Matza oven needs to be in order to burn up the left over dough that was not baked before 18 minutes, you wrote:
“Horav Aharon Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that whatever temperature burns properly the left over dough is correct and needed.”
Thank you for the response , But This seems to be incorrect , Please confirm. Thanks.
A. Ovens for backing matzos are usually build individually and there is no degree of heat temperature that will apply to all ovens, so the answer is viable and correct.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is similar.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised By Horav Dovid Pam Shlit’a,Horav Aharon Miller Shlit’a and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/24/2023 12:14 AM |
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# 4169 Meet the Mat
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Q. See above question. Since the LoMi mat is used at high heat, can it be considered as becoming kosher between cooking and used for milk after meat and opposite?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that one should not use the same Kosher Cooktop Mat for milk and meat since food may fall on it and affect its kosher status.
The Rov recommends purchasing two mats, marking them and dedicating one for milk and the other for meat.
See similar instructions in the COR Kosher certificate given by Horav Yaakov S. Felder Shlit’a mentioned above.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised By Horav Dovid Pam Shlit’a,Horav Aharon Miller Shlit’a and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/24/2023 12:12 AM |
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# 4168 Roll Out the Welcomed Mat
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Q. See question above. Can one use the LoMi Cooktop Mat, that is a piece of white cloth material made of silica clot and silicon dioxide. It is heat resistant from 1050°F to 2000°F. They advertise that “All our products are Kosher certified. Also our mats are Passover and blech products.” What is Horav Miller’s Psak?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that it can be used for Pesach also. Although it seems that the mat can be kashered by keeping it at a high temperature for the right time, one should not use the same Kosher Cooktop Mat during Pesach and the rest of the year.
See the COR Kosher certificate given by Horav Yaakov S. Felder Shlit’a with similar and more detailed instructions.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised By Horav Dovid Pam Shlit’a, Horav Aharon Miller Shlit’a and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/24/2023 12:09 AM |
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# 4167 Kashering it – Not Cracking it
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Q. Dearest Rov amv”s. We are traveling out of town for Pesach and renting a house that has a glass top stove. How do we Kasher it and use it on Pesach?
A.On question 515 we wrote “Kosher certifying agencies agree that prior to koshering all parts of the stove, the top should be thoroughly cleaned including scraping residual food from the surface and catch-tray, and not used for 24 hours. They disagree, however as to the time that the electrical elements should be left on at maximum temperature. CRC maintains one hour while COR says they should be maintained at glowing hot for only ten minutes. Star K rules that it is enough for the elements to get glowing hot, which they advise takes only a few minutes. Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit”a opinion is that they should stay at maximum heat for forty five minutes.
The area between the burners that does not get hot and can’t be koshered without risking cracking of the glass-ceramic. CRC advises the area should not be used at all. COR directs to cover the rest of the surface around and between the burners with material that will not easily tear. They caution not to cover the whole surface with a Pesach Blech (metal sheet) as the glass might crack.
Star K recommends that since the area between the burners cannot practically be kashered, it would be wise to place a trivet or stand on the open glass area so the pots can be transferred. Furthermore, in order to use a large pot that extends beyond the designated cooking area, one should place a metal disc approximately 1/8 of an inch thick onto the burner area in order to raise the Passover pots above the rest of the glass surface.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit”a opinion is to cover only the non-heated areas with heavy duty aluminum taped by the edges so it will stay put. See also question 1045
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Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised By Horav Dovid Pam Shlit’a,Horav Aharon Miller Shlit’a and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/22/2023 10:24 PM |
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# 4166 A Freilechen St. Patrick's day?
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Q. I attend a daily minyan, that as others do, offers an after Shacharit Kiddush with a drink and mezonot. The attendants before drinking a small cup of liquor, as tradition goes wish each other 'Lechaim', Mal Tov, or if it is aYohrzait, 'The Neshama should have an Aliya'.
On St. Patrick's day, most likely still deep in the Purim 'spirit' an usual attendant offers every year a green full bottle of Irish (kosher) liquor. and with a very comical smile, pours a drink to all and wishes a ' Freilechen, (happy) St. Patrick's day'. We all understand that it is only a humorous act, but is it permitted in a shul? I do not want to insult him by refusing the drink or the Lechaim. What is the proper thing to do?
A. Saint Patrick's Day is a public holiday in the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador (for provincial government employees), and the British Overseas Territory of Montserrat. It is also widely celebrated in the United Kingdom, Canada, United States, Argentina, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand.
From the present day literature explaining the meaning of the day, it seems that in most or the many places mentioned it is not anymore a religious commemoration but a cultural and national identity day.
However, Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is, that since it still has a strong religious identity in Catholic communities and special services are offered on the day for many, to avoid insulting the fellow who brought the bottle in “good spirit”, one should answer warmly: “Lechaim to all the Tzadikim, Kedoishim and survivors from this and other similar “Holy days,” Lechaim Tovim Ulesholom.”
See also questions 3390 in regards to Thanksgiving Day, 3494 and others regarding wishing a New Year.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised By Horav Dovid Pam Shlit’a,Horav Aharon Miller Shlit’a and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/20/2023 10:54 AM |
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# 4165 A Brisk Bedika Beginning
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Q. The Rabbi in our Shul (he learned in Brisk) has a tradition that the night before Pesach, after Maariv and before everyone goes home and does the search, repeats the Halachot Bedikat Chametz and that takes about fifteen minutes. Is that correct? Do we not have to begin the search a.s.a.p.?
A. Horav Dovid Pam’s Shlit’a opinion is that it is correct since the time elapsed is short and revising what one has to do is most important.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/16/2023 11:26 PM |
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# 4164 Have a Clean Touch
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Q. If a blind person owns a dog that he constantly touches, does he have to wash his hands every time before he makes a Bracha?
A. From Talmud (Nazir 48a and Rambam – H. Tumas Ochlim 15: 9) is obvious that one who is prohibited to become Tameh, as a Cohen or a Nazir are, may touch animals that are not Kosher.
However, Shulchan Oruch Horav (90: 3) debates if one should wash his hands before reciting a blessing or Tefila. Yafeh Lalev (1: 24) insists that he has to, while Kaf Hachaim (4: 81) rules that when possible he should.
The blind should indeed be careful that on those times he should was his hands with a small portable plastic cleaning fluid dispenser.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/16/2023 11:21 PM |
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# 4163 Searching for a Search Answer
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Q. Dear Rabbi Shlit’a. We will be Be’H spending Pesach with our children in Israel. We will be travelling about two weeks before Yom Tov. We are also planning to sell our house on an early sell, the day before Erev Pesach, so we won’t have to clean the house and do Bedikas Chometz before we leave. As we have done in prior years, we are also planing not to sell one room so we can do Bedikas Chometz on that room before we travel, since Seforim mention that a Brocho comes to the house when yo do Bedikas Chometz.
In prior years, we felt some difficulty with the above, since if you sell the house how then do you enter your room? And we had to explicitly mention that restriction on the sale, making it complicated.
Is it then better to just not sell the shed we have, since it has it own access, and then do the Chometz search there? The only issue is that we never bring Chometz into that shed and usually the place does not even require Bedika. Should we store there just for keeping the mitzva some Chometz now before Pesach?
A. In principle sheds even when not used to keep any Chometz, depending on your location. also may be the place where squirrels and other garden rodents abode and store their food that likely could be Chometz. Besides, children may also play with their food there. So it should undergo Bedika anyway. It makes sense to use that separated place from the house for that important mitzva.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/16/2023 11:20 PM |
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# 4162 Clean Intentions
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Q. If always when cleaning the house from chametz before Pesach one already complies with the mitzva of ‘Tashbisu’ since this is a Biblical mitzva, in order to comply one has to have Kavana or intention to comply with the Mitzva. Is this correct? I don’t see people actually caring to recite a ‘Leshem Yichud’ before cleaning.
A. On question 3615 we addressed if one who eats chametz or drinks chametz during the thirty days before Pesach comply with the mitzva of Biur Chametz or destroying the chametz? If yes, should one have such Kavana (intention) in his mind to comply with a Biblical mitzva? It could make a difference in the keeping of hundreds or maybe even thousands of mitzvot.
To what we answered; “Poskim disagree. Rema (O.H. 485: 1) rules that if one burns the chametz on the night after the Bedika, one complies with the mitzva of destroying the chametz. Chok Yaakov (ibid.), Mishna Berura (5) quote Maharik that since on the fourteen of Nissan, no chometz will be extant, even if the destruction of it was done during the prior thirty days, one has kept the mitzva when that day arrives.
Horav Shmuel Kamenetzky Shlit’a (Kovetz Halochos – Pesach 1: 4: n: 5) indeed writes that following the opinion of the Minchas Chinuch that the mitzva of Tashbisu or destroying the chametz is a positive command, one indeed complies with the mitzva whenever one eats chametz during those thirty days.
Horav Shlomo Miller's opinion is that it depends on the different Halacha opinions.”
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/16/2023 11:17 PM |
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# 4160 Call it a Day
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Q. Dear Rov, you quoted in question 4144 that ‘Shulchan Aruch and Poskim (O.H. 429: 1) mention that one should start learning Hilchos Pesach on Purim itself.’ I wonder if there is an obligation to learn from then on the Halachot of Pesach every day?
A. Horav Dovid Pam’s Shlit’a opinion is that following the common practice, people do learn the Halachos of Pesach during that time, but not necessarily on every single day.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/16/2023 10:59 PM |
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# 4159 Don't Dump the Pump
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Q. Can one use a ‘Foul Water Pump Controller’ during Shabbos? What is Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion?
A. As described by the company; “The flushing of a toilet or using water in places where the foul water is collected in a Sump Tank, often installed in basement and ground floor applications, results in the water lifting a float switch and activating the foul water pump.
This action is prohibited during Shabbat. ShabbatSmart Sump Pump controller, activates the pump on Shabbat at pre-set time intervals and, will stop the operation if the water level drops. This way, the user’s action does not trigger any prohibited actions on Shabbat”
The above pump system is certified as Kosher LeMehadrin by HoRav Shraga Feivel Zimmerman - Rov and Av Beis Din of Kehillas - Federation Beis Din, London.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is similar.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/16/2023 10:57 PM |
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# 4158 Secluded from Seclusion
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Q. I attended a Chupa from a Chatan of Sephardi background and after the Chupa there was Yichud (the seclusion of the groom and bride in a private room) as accustomed by Ashkenazim. Is it correct for Sephardim to do so?
A. B’mechokek Mishanosom (20: 4) quotes Horav Ben Zion Abba Shaul Zt’l, saying that although there are different opinions by the Sephardi Poskim regarding the issue, since the established tradition is that Sephardim don’t perform Yichud, one belonging to that community should also not be stringent and do it, since he would be putting down many prior centuries of marriages. (See also Yabia Omer E.H. 5; 8)
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller and Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu Shlit'a
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Posted 3/16/2023 10:54 PM |
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Important Numbers
