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Have a question? Send it in! Questions are answered by Rabbi Bartfeld.
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#5077 Zoning Shabbos Chazon
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- Q. Shalom LaRav Shlit’a. Is it true what some maintain that we should increase on Shabbos Chazon Simcha, happiness and joy more than any other regular Shabbos? Why not the contrary?
A. Indeed, that is the opinion of Likutei Shlomo quoted by Nitei Gavriel (27: 4: p. 163) .
He also adds that some make a point to celebrate even in those Nine Days the making of a Siyum, as it says: “Pikudei Hashem Yeshorim Mesamchei Lev” (The Mitzvos of Hashem are straightforward and they bring joy to the heart).
The reason given is that this Simcha Shel Mitzva, shows our deep believe that all the acts of Hashem, our Compassionate Father, even the grievous and heartbreaking ones, are acts of deep kindness and ”Gam Zu Letovo,” they are all only for good and kindness.
However, the above is also avoided by many, who are not of a Chasidic background.
Horav Yaakov Hirschman Shlit’a added that one has to have these concepts in a correct mind, and not use them as an excuse to negate the mourning of the Nine Days.
Yet, it may be best to serve Hashem with joy and great hope for a Geulah Dleima very soon.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a.
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Posted 8/9/2024 11:40 AM |
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#5076 Room for the Not Yet Frum?
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Q. Is it ok for a woman to be included in the kiddush and homotzi of a man who isn't shomer Shabbat yet? What about havdala?
A. The above should be avoided as it is possible that the man is not yet a proper believer in Hashem and his Torah. Since he does not keep Shabbos yet. His brochos woul in principle then be likely in vain.
On question 1641 regarding Kiddush for a not yet frum visitor, we wrote:
“Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that indeed you can not be motzy or have someone comply with a mitzva by listening from another, if the listener does not understand the basic meaning of what is happening. Although he does not have to understand the translation of all the words being said aloud for his sake, he does have to comprehend and believe in the fundamentals and purpose and reason of what is being recited.”
See also question 533 regarding the blessing of “baruch sheptarani” recited by a non-religious yet father on the Bar Mitzva of his son.
Horav Yaakov Hirschman Shlit’a added that if the Bar Mitzva boy is not going to be an observant Yid, there is no meaning and purpose to this brocho. On the contrary, by reciting it, the father is only adding punishment to himself.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a.
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Posted 8/9/2024 11:28 AM |
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#5075 Clothing for Mourning
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- Q. How long do I have to wear my freshly laundered clothes before the 9 days? Can I just leave them unfolded on the bed instead?
A. Poskim write that one hour is enough. Some maintain that one may wear a few pieces at the same time. Others are of the opinion that a few hours are necessary (Piskei Teshuvos 551: 17).
Others permit if they are placed on the ground for a similar period of time. (ibid.) Nitei Gavriel (1: 34: 10) adds that there should be some recognition on the clothing that it is not a newly fresh washed item.
Kovetz Halohos (11: 29) maintains that the clothing should be placed on the floor that has not been recently cleaned, so it would loose its status of being really clean. (see note 30 there).
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a.
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Posted 8/9/2024 11:25 AM |
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#5074 The Ma’aseh on Ma’aser
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- Q. How does one calculate tzeddaka on the sale of a house? I'm assuming that some expenses could be deducted such as mortgage and taxes and maintenance but not consumables such as gas and electricity. Would paying tuition for my kids be considered tzedaka? What about their weddings? Do I have to give all of the tzedakah at once or can I invest some of it and spread out the payments?
Does it matter if the kids go to a university or a Jewish school?
A. On question 475 ; “Paying Tuition with Maaser Money” we wrote:
“Q. Am I allowed to give my maaser money to my parents so that they can use it for my tuition? Thank you
To what we answered: "See Shulchan Aruch and Remoh (C.M. 207: 2 and Nesivos Hamishpot ibid. 2), in regards to whom do the wages of a working girl, still at home and supported by the father, belong. Assuming the most likely scenario that the father willingly gives away his rights to those wages to his daughter.
Horav Shlomo Miller Shlit’a suggest that when the father could afford to pay the tuition, it is best for the daughter to donate the maser monies directly to the institution and request from them if they would kindly and benevolently, from their own free will, deduct that amount from her tuition or agree that they would accept monies that were raised on their behalf as tuition.
The reason being is that you cannot use maser money for payments you are already obligated to compensate, as the Chofetz Chaim in Ahavas Chessed (Ch. 19) writes because “it is like paying one’s own debts from maaser funds”.
Although girls schooling and tuition was in former years seen as optional since in Halacha there is no inherent parental obligation to educate girls in a school, that is not the case today (Igrois Moishe Y.D. 2: 113), therefore giving your maser money to your parents may not be of help as they can not use it for paying your tuition (assuming they are able to pay tuition).
See also the following questions; 357- Calculating Maaser on a mortgage, 3332 - The Giving Answer and 2537- Help Is Here.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a.
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Posted 8/9/2024 11:20 AM |
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#5073 Have Something to Eat?
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Q. (As the Rov well knows…), I can't eat fish and only limited dairy products, so can I eat chicken during the 9 days?
A. The answer to this Shaila depends on the assessment of your doctor familiar with your condition and in contact with a dietitian and nutrition expert. There are also other sources for necessary proteins as needed.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a.
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Posted 8/9/2024 11:16 AM |
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#5072 – What’s In a Name?
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Q. Rabenu Shlit’a. We have a non- Jewish worker that is from Mexico and uses the name “Jesus.” Is it proper and correct to call him by that name and mention it constantly?
A. You may, with his permission and appreciation, call him with another title or name that carries admiration and recognition, that he will accept without creating any conflict.
(Someone sugested to just call him “Sus”, yet one should be careful in our days, as he may easily find out or be told the translation of that word).
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a.
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Posted 8/9/2024 11:13 AM |
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#5071 Strict Strait Start
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- Q. Hello Rov. Tonight is Rosh Chodesh Av and the start of the Nine Days. Is it possible for someone who can only daven with a minyan at an early maariv minyan after Plag, do so expressing that he is not accepting the restriction of eating meat until the shekiah, so he can have a meat meal then?
A. As with the receiving of Shabbos, once you daven Maariv after plag it is considered as being already Shabbos and you are not allowed to do any prohibited works, the same would apply in this case and one should not eat meat anymore.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a.
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Posted 8/6/2024 10:23 PM |
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#5070 Avoid the Beaten Track?
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Q.Dear Rov Shlit’a. As the situation in Israel seems to be lately so dangerous, is there a reason to restrict again the travel there as we did during some of the recent years? What is Horav Millers Shlit’a opinion?
A. I did ask Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a this morning (Friday) the above question, and he told me that if a person has the proper intention and complies with a necessary mitzva when traveling, he can assume and have trust in Hashem that Shluchei Mitzva or the one's engaged in it will not be harmed.
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Posted 8/4/2024 5:49 PM |
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# 5069 – Your Other AI Self?
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Q. Moreinu Shlit’a. You have taught us that using a robot that possesses artificial intelligence, even if it performs a prohibition or does a mitzva it is basically the same as if you have done it yourself, because they are programmed by humans and follow our commands.
My Shailah is that my grandfather who is at least hopefully only temporarily paralyzed, but would like so much as he always did to hold a lulav and esrog on Sukot. Could he use a robot that he controls as his extended self? Could he also make then a brocho?
A. Horav Yaakov Hirschman Shlit”a mentioned that although it needs further elaboration, however holding the Lulav is a mitzva one does personally (Mitzva Shebegufo) and you can not have an agent or Shaliach perform it for you, similar to having someone else or a robot don Tefilin in your behalf.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is similar, that although technically and even on certain aspects of Halacha it is considered as if the robot is an extension of oneself, it is not so in reality and therefore when the Torah requires that the Tefilin or the Lulav and Esrog should be taken or placed on the human body, the robot does not qualify as such.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a.
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Posted 8/2/2024 1:28 PM |
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#5068 The Most Happy Tefilin
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- Q. My son is about to become Iy”H Bar Mitzva three weeks after Tisha Beav. We have a minhag that our Bar Mitzva bochurim don Tefilin a month before. We were able to acquire for him an unusually excellent pair of Tefilin both by the maker and the Sofer who wrote the parshios. He is extremely happy about them. Can he recite Shecheyanu when he puts them on first time (it is durig the 9 Days)?
A. Horav Yaakov Hirschman Shlit”a mentioned that the tradition is not to recite Shecheyanu on leather goods at all, since it involves the death of a living being.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that one does not recite Shecheyanu on acquiring new tefilin since after all “Mitzvos Lav Lehenos Nitnu” (Mitzvos were not given for their pleasure).
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a.
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Posted 8/2/2024 1:26 PM |
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#5067 Bird Watching
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Q. We saw a heron bird nesting close to our cottage, and our children were wondering if there is a mitzva of Shiluach Haken in such wild bird. Is there? If there is, what bracha should be said?
A. On question 187 regarding if there is a mitzva of Shiluach Haken when one finds a bird’s nest outside one’s home, we wrote: “The Talmud (Chulin 138b) derives from the verse (Bamidbar 22:6) “If a bird’s nest chances before you on the road, on any tree, or on the ground”, this creates an exclusion to the mitzvah of shiluach hakan. Namely, it does not apply if you already posses the eggs in the nest that is in your property. And so it is codified in Shulchan Aruch (Y.D. 292:2).
However Poiskim differ if a remedy exists. If one would declare, prior to the eggs being laid, that he does not have intent to acquire the future eggs, they will not be his, as you cannot force ownership on anyone. Would there be then a mitzvah of shiluach hakan? Hisorerus Hateshuva ( 4:154) claims that you will comply with the mitzvah, while Horav Shlomo Auerbach Zt”l (Minchas Shlomo 2:97:26) has misgivings, as this may still be considered “in your property”.
There is a further Halachic disagreement, as to when you don’t want the eggs at all, but you have the nest in front of you, do you still have to comply with the mitzvah and send away the mother-bird. Piskei Teshuva (Y.D. 292:1) provides the different opinions involved.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit”a opinion is that in this particular case, when the eggs are not yet laid, you don’t have the responsibility to bring yourself to comply with the mitzvah. However, if you had the intention of not acquiring the eggs, as mentioned before, you would fulfill an important mitzvah, providing that the mother bird is a kosher bird. Since herons do not have the needed tradition to be considered kosher birds, there is no mitzva on them.
Even if they would be kosher birds; on question 2684 we wrote:
“Poskim disagree as to what is the correct bracha if any to be recited. Many Poskim rule against the opinion of the Ra’aved (Tomim Deim 179), the Rokeach (366) and Aruch Hashulchan (292: 10), and maintain that no brocho should be said at all for this particular mitzva.
Various reasons are given why we do not recite a brocho. Meiri (Megila 21b) maintains that since one is not obliged to look for a nest and he complies with the mitzva only when by chance he finds one, no blessing is to be recited.
Toras Nessanel (9) explains, that the eggs may be already spoiled, (or not complete there yet at all), so it is a doubtful brocho that we do not recite. Binyan Tzion (14) adds that if he recites, before he can actually send away the mother bird, she may just fly away herself and the blessing will be in vain.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is similar and even if it is a proper kosher bird, no brocho should be recited including Shecheyanu.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a.
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Posted 8/2/2024 1:21 PM |
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#5066 Dream Away
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Q. Kvod Ha Rab. I know that we do not put much into dreams. However, this dream has remained with me and it is a bit disturbing as it was very vivid. In this dream, we were sitting at the table ready to start eating a kind of pasta dish with meat and sauce. I was very confident in the bracha to say and said it out loud. However after I said the bracha I realized I said the wrong bracha ( it did not even pertain to an ingredient found in that meal).
Is it possible to say a bracha le batala (in vain) when dreaming or should I just dismiss this as just a dream?
A. Although dreams are often given great importance in our tradition, as we can see from the visions of Yaakov Avinu and Yosef Hatzadik and and even Pharaoh, not all dreams are the same. As mentioned in Koheles (5: 2-6) and in Talmud Brochos 55 a-b and many other sources). There is much written by our sages regarding the meaning and importance of dreams and the differences between them, as well as the value of the interpretations given to them.
However, it seems logical that a brocho said in a dream does not qualify as a blessing in vain, since after all it was said without any intention and the qualifying necessary presence of mind.
Horav Yaakov Hirschman Shlit”a mentioned that even if one recited the correct brocho, it still would be a blessing in vain, since one did not actually eat. From the beginning of Talmud Babba Kama, it seems that what you do while sleeping, you are not usually responsible for.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is similar.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a.
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Posted 8/2/2024 1:18 PM |
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#5065 Best Way to Stay Awake or Fall Asleep?
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- Q. Someone that needs to hear music during work or while he is driving to calm him down or to help him not falling asleep, is that permitted during the Three Weeks?
A. We had a similar Shaila:
“4215 Can someone who is in need to calm the nerves and find peace of mind train to play a musical instrument such as an electric keyboard during the Sefira days?
To what we answered: "On question 2635 regarding if one may listen to music during sefira to avoid depression due to the current (covid) situation; we wrote: “The tradition not to listen to music during Sefira days has become widely accepted in our days, and according to Poskim it includes even non live music such as taped music.
(Igrois Moshe O.H. 1: 166, Minchas Yitzchok, 1: 111, Oz Nidberu 8: 58, Yechave Daas 6:34, Tzitz Eliezer 15: 33, Kinyan Torah 2: 99 and many others). However, Chelkas Yaakov (1: 62) argues that an electronic device which did not exist at the time when the decree became accepted, cannot be included in the Gezera. There are some exceptions to this minhag, such as listening to classical music On question 281 we wrote: Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit”a opinion is that in principle serious or cheerless classical music would be permitted (during Sefira) as we do sing a sad tune even on Tisha B’av (E-li Tzion).
However it is likely that while listening to a symphony, parts of it may meet the criteria of the mood markings of allegro, animato, or giocoso. It is therefore advisable to refrain from listening to all music, unless needed for therapeutic purposes. On question 1305 we added that the same should apply to playing classical music on a piano or other instruments.
On question 1711 in regard to teaching dancing classes during Sefira, we wrote: “Mogen Avrohom (493: 1) rules that non-mitzva dancing is prohibited during Sefira days. However, Igrois Moshe (O.H. 3: 87) permits teaching instrumental music when it is done as a professional duty and not for enjoyment. See Naharos Eisan (p. 252) in regards to permitting singing and playing music for children in school.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that one should avoid if possible attending or teaching dancing classes during Sefira,”
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that in our case, if the music is needed to help him go to sleep, he may listen better to a shiur of Torah that in some cases may have the same effect.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a.
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Posted 8/2/2024 1:15 PM |
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#5064 Turning It Into a Good Dream?
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Q. I recently read that the Gerrer Rebbe summoned a special minyan to his home to recite Hatavas Chalom (“Making good a Dream” The prayer said when someone has a bad dream).
Do you really need a minyan for Hatavas Chalom in sidurim is mentioned only three people, and as far as I can remember that is the traditional Minhag. Is that correct?
A. The usual tradition as is written in sidurim and other sefarim is to require only three people.
Horav Yaakov Hirschman Shlit’a mentioned that we don’t question Rebbes and we also don’t necessarily learn from their particular practices.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that one should follow his family and community traditions.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a.
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Posted 8/2/2024 1:10 PM |
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#5063 Room for Groom ?
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- Q. Dear Rabbi. Is one allowed to cut nails during the Nine Days?
How about going to the mikva for one who usually is tovel before davening? If he is allowed can he take a short shower immersing to keep the mikva clean?
A. Mishna Berura (551: 20) mentions that regarding cutting nails there are different opinions of the Poskim, yet in honor of Shabbos when done on Erev Shabbos or for Tevilas Mitzva in a Mikva it is permitted by all.
Although, one should in principle not cut the nails of the hand and the feet on the same day, Magen Avrohom and Machatzis Hashekel (ibid) rule that the feet nails should be cut on Thursday and the hand nails on Erev Shabbos.
For the ones that have the Minhag to immerse every day in a Mikva daily before davening, Poskim permit to do so. Some permit to take the shower before to avoid spoiling the Mikva waters for others.
Horav Yaakov Hirschman Shlit’a mentioned that the Chazon Ish Zt”l permitted Tevilas Ezra. Yet many Poskim permit all immersions for the ones who do so daily, however one should then avoid warm water. The Rov added that one may shower before, specially if the health department instructs all to do so
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Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that one should follow his family and community traditions
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Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a.
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Posted 8/2/2024 1:05 PM |
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#5062 All Hands Off Deck
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- Q. We B’H have and enjoy the great Bracha of Hashem that blessed us with a truly outstanding home with seven very beautiful children, most of them are not Bar or Bat mitzva yet.
Although, as is obvious it has to be permitted to wash at least partially the floor and bathrooms during the nine days. Can one wash the complete floor? Is there any special instructions or changes one has to do at this particular time? How about the deck outside the house, where the children play, specially if it is dirty?
A. On question 594 and 838 we wrote;
“Although you may vacuum clean a carpet during the Nine Days, even a Gentile should not wash them. In regards to washing the floors Poskim disagree. Some maintain that it is permitted. (Teshuras Shai 174.) Some permit only for someone who does so every week, (Hisorerus Teshuvo O.H. 339) and some prohibit altogether. (Meshiv Devorim Y.D. 259, Divrei Sofrim 146.). Nitei Gavriel (Ben Hametzorim 1:29:7) writes that it is accustomed to be stringent, however, for the honor of Shabbos it is permitted.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that it is permitted in need or when usually done so every week.
In regards to the deck outside, on question 595 we wrote: “Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit”a opinion is that the Nine Days should be dedicated essentially to the mourning of the Bais Hamikdosh and what we should do to bring about a prompt Geula. Having said that, if there is a need to pressure wash a deck or outside walls (as in a cottage,) it is permitted since it is not included on the laundering prohibition.”
(See also question 337 in this forum permitting washing a car during the Nine Days)
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a.
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Posted 8/2/2024 1:00 PM |
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#5061 Lining for the Clean linen?
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– Q. Kvod Rabbenu Shlit’a. I’ll have Iy’H in during the Nine Days my children and their families visiting us. What is the correct thing to do for them when providing fresh linen and towels as they need? Is it permitted?
A. The above is a common Shaila at this time of the year. In question 3807 we were asked:
“If guest visit during the Nine Days as is common since it is vacation time, can one change the linen of the bed for them with clean washed sheets?”
To what we answered: “Remah (O.H. 551: 3) rules that we follow the opinion that washing and wearing clean washed clothing is prohibited during the Nine Days.
However, Minchas Yitzchok (10: 44) maintains that hotels can change the linen of the beds for new customers. He recommends to leave the fresh linen for about one hour on the floor and also not to request fresh sheets during one’s stay during those days. (See Piskei Teshuvos 551: 16).” The same can be followed for guest visiting then.”
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a.
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Posted 8/2/2024 12:56 PM |
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#5060 Questioning the Questions
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Q. “Dear Rov Shlit’a. As you well know I give a few weekly shiurim to a large group of mispallelim in our shul. I often wondered which is best, to let the listeners ask questions during the time I speak or set a specific time at the end of the class for asking questions. I would really like to hear Horav Miller’s Shlit’a advice?
A. “Although in reality there are many factors that can affect and change the answer, Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that it may usually be best to hear the questions as they come, since not only it honors and grants recognition to the listeners, it also usually creates more interest for all.
Yet, as mentioned, many different and changing elements may be taking effect which need to be considered.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a.
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Posted 7/28/2024 9:54 AM |
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#5059 The Right Side of the Bed?
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Q. See question above. Rabbi you may remember that in that particular old age home they made once a minyan with a whole friendly group of more than ten people, that were very aged and bedridden, but were taken by the special elevators to the shul.
Since they were all laying down and could not move, they so davened. (It was a very special occasion since one of the elderly group who had just lost his wife after 69 years of marriage). Was that a kosher correct minyan, given the very special circumstances?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller Shlit’a opinion is that it was correct and an act of necessary and proper Chessed that was done.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a.
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Posted 7/26/2024 11:01 AM |
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#5058 Enough of a Feast?
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- Q. Dear Rabbi. A group of elderly and ill residents in our old age home, who are allowed by all opinions to eat on a fast day even on Tisha Beav and they sit together in a table, can they recite Birchat Hamazon together and say the brachot of Mezuman (Rabotay Nevarech) etc.
A. Horav Shlomo Miller Shlit’a opinion is that although they are allowed to eat they should avoid eating together and thus giving the appearance of a seuda or a happy occasion.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit'a.
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Posted 7/26/2024 10:57 AM |
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Important Numbers
