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Have a question? Send it in! Questions are answered by Rabbi Bartfeld.
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# 2873 Room For Doubt?
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Q. I saw the reply above (question 2868) regarding plastic shield separation for people seating in a suka. Our father, should be maarich yomim, who is a zoken and frail, is staying with us. and we want him to spend some time with the grandchildren in the suka. I saw a rigid plexiglas small cubicle recently in a hospital, used for disease control it can contain someone seating in a wheel chair. Since it is open on top, can I use it for my father in the suka?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that it is permitted.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 10/8/2020 3:33 PM |
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# 2872 Doing it Right for the Left
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Q. On which hand does a lefty hold the lulav and the esrog? If he reverses does he also change the hadassim and the aravot?
A. It would depend whether one is Ashkenazi or Sephardi. Shulchan Aruch (651: 3) rules that even a left handed person holds the lulav in the right hand as everyone else and that is the Sephardic custom. Mishna Berura (18) quoting Tur, explains that only regarding tefilin which is a Biblical mitzva a lefty reverses. However, lulav on the right is only Rabbinical, so one maintains the custom of all others.
However the Ashkenazi tradition follows the Rema (ibid.) and the Rosh, who maintain that a left-handed individual holds the Lulav in his more important hand, the left hand, and the esrog on the other.
See Mishna Berura (ibid. 19) regarding after the fact, if one mistakenly did the opposite, he should repeat without a brocho.
However, the setting of the haddasim and aravos is the same as everyone else.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 10/8/2020 3:29 PM |
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# 2871 A Heavenly Smell?
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Q. Is it permitted to use as schach for the suka, flowers that have a good smell?
A. Rema (O.H. 68: 2) quotes two opinion whether if one is allowed to use good smelling hadassim as schach for the suka. Ran (Suka 18a) maintains that it is muktza also for its smell and should not be used. Mishna Berura (25), quotes Taz and Pri Megadim that permit.
Chashukei Chemed (Suka 12a) is also lenient since the main intention in using the flowers is as shach, the good smell is an added benefit.
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is similar.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 10/8/2020 3:24 PM |
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# 2870 Clean Up Act
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Q. It is common in our warm country to make the sucot on the central court yards of buildings. On those yards, sewage pipes are installed on the outside of the walls and connect to each apartment. Can a Suca be built there if those pipes will end then to be inside the Suca?
A. Suka Kehilchassa (p. 45) permits when the pipes are made of iron or other metallic substance and there is no smell at all.
However, when the pipes are of plastic material, some Poskim consider them to be similar to "klei cheres" or earthenware utensils and they prohibit reciting brochos and tefilos in front of them. (See Igrois Moshe 1: 27, Be'er Moshe 4: 7, Piskei Teshuvos 640: n. 17. and others).
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that in any case it is proper to cover those pipes as they provide and unsightly image to the inside of the suka.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 10/8/2020 3:17 PM |
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# 2869 Sleep On This
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Q. Due to the fruit trees growing nicely on our back yard, we decided this year to make the suka on the front yard facing the street. The problem is that our neighborhood is lately not that safe anymore, and the kids and me too, are afraid to sleep close to the street. Someone told me that there may be a shailah with the suka and it may not be kosher at all, since it isn't fit to sleep in it at night. Is that true?
A. Shulchan Aruch (O.H. 640: 4) rules that one should not erect his suka on a smelly or windy site, that will exempt him from eating or sleeping there, due to the smell or the cold wind. Rema (ibid.) adds that if he is afraid from robbers or thieves when he is in his suka, he does not comply with the mitzva even when the fear is not there, as during the day (Mishna Berura 19).
Mishna Berura (ibid. 20) however, quotes Poskim (Lebush, Magen Avraham, see Biur Halacha ibid.), who maintain that after the fact one complies, since one can eat there without fear during the day.
Shaarei Teshuva (ibid.) quotes a similar ruling in the name of the Chacham Tzvi. He also adds that often in northern countries, it is too cold at night to sleep in the suka and yet we do eat there during the day.
Piskei Teshuvos (640: n. 18) mentions that it is common for some shuls, apartment buildings and restaurants to keep an empty suka that is close to the street for all to use, that is left unlocked at night. (See also question 929, regarding a small suka of 70cm. by 70 cm., in which one can hardly sleep there)
Horav Shlomo Miller Shlit'a added, that even a suka where one would not spend the night in it for security reasons, one may well sleep there during the day and therefore it is called fit for sleep.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 10/7/2020 12:33 PM |
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# 2868 Together But Not Together
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Q. The minhag in our family is always to have guest for sukot, especially the ones that don't have access to a suka. In our scary corona days, we want to continue our so important kiruv tradition. To protect us all, we want to place between the seats in our large suka, that as is provides social distancing, also transparent clear plastic standing shields, that look like curtains and hang from horizontal wires that run from wall to wall. The wires are close to the schach. The shields are completely vertical. Is there a problem of "Teshvu Kein Taduru" (the seating in the suka should be similar to our stay at home)?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that it is permitted, since most likely you would have created a similar arrangement in your home also.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 10/6/2020 3:56 PM |
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# 2867 Beyond Relief?
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Q. Can someone that needs caffeine relief on Yom Kippur to be able to fast and daven properly, use a caffeine suppository that also contains Tylenol, even if that medicine is not needed?
A. Chelkas Yaakov (2: 83), based on Maharsham (1: 123), and Achiezer (3: 61), as well as other Poskim (See Derech Sicha p. 380), permit the use of suppositories for caffeine relief for those suffering from headaches and other symptoms of distress, even on Yom Kippur. Besides, for those who are permitted to take medicine then, there is also a Halachic benefit when it is taken via a suppository instead of orally.
Horav Shlomo Miller's opinion is that if one has only available a suppository that contains in addition to the needed caffeine some unneeded Tylenol, in case of need it can be used.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 10/6/2020 12:31 PM |
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# 2866 Frum by Zoom
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Q. I give a parsha shiur that meets these days twice a week on zoom. We are all friends and neighbors that know each other for many years. As Yom Kippur approaches and we don't meet this days face to face, can we all ask mechila from each other on the screen together? is that proper or should it be done at least personally, even in zoom but on a one to one meet?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that in need and to save time, it could also be done by zooming as a group.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 10/6/2020 11:39 AM |
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# 2865 A Safe Pair of Hands
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Q. I was wondering when one touches his shoe or covered areas of the body with only one hand, does he have to was both hands as when one goes to the bathroom? This seems to be important on Yom Kippur when one must avoid unnecessary washing.
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that one need only wash the hand that touched the shoe or the covered areas of the body. (See Kaf Hachaim 554: 73, Piskei Teshuvos 553; 3 and others, who rule that one must wash even for touching tennis or cloth shoes).
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 10/5/2020 10:07 AM |
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# 2864 Be Good with Your Hands
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Q. When washing hands with sanitizer on Yom Kippur, as we do in these pandemic days, can you wash your whole hand or only up to your knuckles, as we do when we wake up?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that since one is not washing for pleasure, but just sanitizing as a medical precaution, one can wash with sanitizer as much as is medically required.
( See question 2861 above regarding the preferable liquids one may use during Yom Kippur for sanitizing hands)
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 10/5/2020 10:04 AM |
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# 2863 Strike the Gold?
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Q. Re question above. I also heard that Horav Shlomo Miller paskened that women can wear in shul gold jewelry in Yom Kippur. Is that true?
A. Ritva (Rosh Hashana 26b) writes that a "taalis mezucheves" or gold decorated taalis can be worn on Yom Kippur, since it is worn on the outside of the Kodesh Hakodoshim.
Hag' R' A' Eiger (O.H. 610: 4) mentions that there are locations where the minhag is not to wear gold on Yom Kippur, to avoid, "Ein kategor na'aseh saneigor," (or the accuser cannot become the defender - Rosh Hashana 26a). However, he adds that women are not included, since they did not partake in the golden eigel.
Mateh Efraim (609: 9) writes that out of fear for the Judgment Day, women should avoid wearing on Yom Kippur the jewelry they wear on Shabbos and Yom Tov. He also mentions to avoid wearing a gold or gilded, "atara" or crown on the taalis (610: 11).
Devar Meshulam (125) deals with the baal tokea wearing gold jewelry during tekias shofar, that is considered by some like being inside the Kodesh Hakodashim.
Betzel Hachochma (6: 3) rules that one that wears always a golden watch, can wear it on Yom Kippur also. However, if he only dons it on Shabbos and Yom Tov, it should be avoided during Yom Kippur. He mentions as proof, the Talmud Yuma (37a) regarding the lots used on Yom Kippur, that Yehoshua ben Gamla fashioned of gold, and the people would mention him favorably.
Likewise, Rivavos Efraim (6: 323) rules leniently in the case of a gold watch, a gold chain and similar, since they do not have any relation to kapara or redemption.
The minhag is that women don't remove their gold wedding rings during Yom Kippur.
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion, as mentioned on the prior question, is to follow the minhagim and traditions of the congregation where one davens.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 9/27/2020 2:20 PM |
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# 2862 Know Where You Stand
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Q. Some time ago I heard that Horav Shlomo Miller paskened that women in shul do not have to stand up when the Aron Hakodesh is opened. Is that true?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that in principle women do not have stand up when the Aron Hakodesh is opened, since they are standing behind a separating mechitza.
However, in question 892 regarding if women also kneel on Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur, we wrote:
Nitei Gavriel (Yom Hakipurim 57: 7) rules in regards to men prostrating, that all able people in a congregation should maintain a unified tradition. Otherwise, they may incur in the prohibition of Lo Tisgodedu, or separating into conflicting groups.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit”a opinion is that indeed all people should follow the minhag and customs of the location or the majority of the mispalelim."
The same would apply in this case.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 9/27/2020 2:17 PM |
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# 2861 A Clean Slate on Clean Hands
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Q. Is it allowed to use disinfectant cleaning fluid on Shabbos or Yom Kippur? Does it matter what kind of liquid it is?
A. On question 997 and 2020 regarding the use of liquid soap and soap that changes from liquid to foam as well as hand soap pumps which turn the soap into a foam, during Shabbos, we wrote:
“Remoh (O.H. 326: 10) prohibits using solid soap that dissolves into the water used for washing since it involves creating a new presence and this constitutes “nolad,” (born.)
Nolad refers to things that come into existence on Shabbos, for example breaking ice in order to produce water prohibited by the Talmud (Shabbos 51b.) Sefer Hat’rumah and Remoh, (318: 16 – see M”B 320: 35) explain that the reason is creating a new being.
Other Poskim prohibit because of the melacha of “memachek” or smoothing which is one of the thirty nine labours forbidden on Shabbos.
Yechave Daas (2:50 ) permits the use of a bar of soap, because the user has no intention of changing anything; he only intends to clean what he is washing.
However, Igrois Moshe (O.H. 1: 113) is stringent in the use of even liquid soaps that can be further diluted. Similarly, Rivavos Efraim (8: 154) follows his opinion.
Most Poskim maintain the prohibition on solid bar soaps but permit the use of free flowing liquid soaps, including the foam or bubbles unintentionally created.(Aruch Hashulchan 326: 11, Ketzos Hashulchan 146: 32, Bris Olam – Memachek 5, Beer Moshe 8: 248, Shemiras Shabbos Kehilchaso 14: 16, and 12: 7, et. al.)
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that free flowing or diluted liquid soap is permitted when needed.”
However, in regards to soap pumps that are made with the specific intention of pumping out the bottled liquid soap in a foam mode, the opinion of the Rov, is to be more stringent when possible, unless it is needed for the ill."
The Rov advises the following rules to be followed in our troubled pandemic days.
1) The best option is to use when possible small amounts of pure Isopropyl Alcohol (70% USP), both for Shabbos and Yom Kippur when so needed. It can be poured or sprayed directly on the hands.
2) Next best choice is using aerator pumps containing disinfectant liquids that don't leave behind an oily chemical smear on the hands. The above can be problematic specially during Yom Kippur, when "sicha" or anointing is forbidden. These pumps just infuse air into the liquid creating temporary bubbles for better distribution of the liquid. (Releasing and even creating bubbles, the Rov added, may not be prohibited. After all we do pour beer or soda from pre-opened bottles on Shabbos. As mentioned regarding creating soap bubbles, in need it is permitted).
3) Next in the list would be using soapy liquid directly poured out from a bottle, which as mentioned above many Poskim permit during Shabbos when needed. On Yom Kippur the Rov advised to be lenient only in case of real need, since after all it is not used for pleasure but as a medical necessity.
4) Last option would be the aerator pump containing a diluted form of liquid soapy or oily disinfectant, that when infused with air creates a foamy, bubbly, oily lather, as it leaves the dispenser.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 9/27/2020 2:00 PM |
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# 2860 Wipe Out the Wipes?
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Q. What is Horav Shlomo Miller's p'sak re baby-wipes on Shabbos? (And Yom Kippur?)
A. Contemporary Poskim present different opinions regarding baby-wipes, and they mostly depend on the nature and attributes of the wipes.
This question these days is of major interest to all, even for the ones that don't take care of babies, since during these covid days, they are commonly used as cleaning and disinfecting tools.
Historically, Minchas Yitzchak (10: 25), (Shevet HaLevi 13: 59) and others have expressed stringent opinions. While, Chazon Ovadia (Shabbos 4) concludes that there is room for leniency as long as one is careful not to wipe hard so that no liquid is squeezed out. (See also Yalkut Yosef, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 320: 38).
39 Melachos, (p. 352 and n. 137) mentions in the name of Mori Verabi Horav Moshe Feinstein zt'l an unusual reason for leniency. Namely, that since the majority of moisture rests on top of the wipe, as opposed to being absorbed inside it, therefore you are not squeezing any liquid when using it and no s'chita is involved. However, you may only use baby-wipes if they are very wet. 39 Melachos adds, that there is no melaben either, since the wipes are discarded.
Conversely, Sheilas Shlomo (3: 114), permits the use of baby-wipes when they are not very wet, since then there is less of a concern that liquid will be squeezed out.
There is disagreement also as to what the opinion of Horav S.Z. Auerbach zt'l was. Shemiras Shabbos K', (14: n. 94) permits. While Orechos Shabbos (1, Birurei Halachah 7: 5), mention that after they showed him the description of experts on the nature of baby- wipes he changed his mind and ruled strictly.
See also question 1512 in regard to cleaning soft plastic tablecloths, and question 1007 on a patient cleaning himself after a bowel movement.
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that since the nature and attributes of the wipes varies greatly according to the brand and the latest technology, it is preferable to avoid using them on Shabbos or Yom Kippur, both for babies or grown ups.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 9/27/2020 12:24 PM |
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# 2859 Is the Shoe Fit?
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Q. I'm a nurse at a hospital close to me and although I tried, I can't avoid having to put some hours during Yom Kippur to care for my patients, mostly Gentiles.
I have often wondered, if I have to put or take off leather shoes from patients on Yom Kippur, are those shoes muktza to me, since I can't wear them?
A. Shulchan Aruch (O.H. 308: 47) quotes two opinions regarding if a piece of clothing that contains shaatnez (wool and linen) is muktza on Shabbos or not. Mishna Berura (ibid. 160 - 161) explains that since there is a prohibition to wear it, it would be muktza even when being used for a permitted activity, (letzorech gufo) or if the place it occupies is needed, (letzorech mekomo). The reason of the ones that permit the use, is that after all it is still regarded as a vessel, He adds, that the stringent opinion is main.
Shulchan Aruch Horav (ibid. 85) further explains the stringent opinion, mentioning that the shaatnez cloth is worse than a common prohibited item, such as tools and instruments (keli shemelachto leissur), since those are permitted to be used during weekdays, however, the shaatnez prohibition remains. Following his reasoning, leather shoes that are only prohibited in Yom Kippur, should be permitted to be moved when being used for a permitted activity, or when one needs their place.
It also stands to reason that leather shoes are permitted to be worn during Yom Kippur for all, if needed to walk on muddy or dangerous surfaces, so one does not disassociate or separate one's mind entirely from them and the may not be muktza at all. (See similar shailah on Chasukei Chemed: Yuma 73b).
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that leather shoes are not muktza on Yom Kippur.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 9/27/2020 12:11 PM |
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# 2858 Forget the Forgive?
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Q. Dear Rabbi, I spoke some awful lashon haraa and divulged a bad secret of a friend of mine, when I was asked info. about him for a shiduch. But I felt I had to tell the truth. The shiduch would have been a great deal for him and I know he was very disappointed when the other side stopped suddenly the relationship. It happened soon after they spoke to me. I feel terrible about the whole thing and I want to ask his forgiveness before Yom Kippur. But I'm very afraid that if I tell him what happened, he will be so angry at me that not only he won't forgive me, he will make a big machlokes and probably hate me the rest of his life. What should I to do now?
A. See question above on the essential need to ask forgiveness in order to attain successful teshuva.
Chofetz Chaim (K'lal 4: 12) maintains that anyone who caused damage to another by telling on him, has to ask forgiveness even if the other has not heard at all about it and does not know anything yet. Be'er Mayim Chaim quotes as the source Shaarei Teshuva (207).
However, in Mishna Berura (606: 3) he rules that, if one knows that the victimized will become embarrassed when he relates to him what he said about him, he can avoid telling.
An often told anecdote, relates that Rav Yisroel Salanter indeed asked the Chofetz Chaim: why is it permitted to further pain and embarrass the victimized, simply because one wants to attain his own teshuva? To what the Chofetz Chaim replied: what can I do, that is the ruling of the Shaarei Teshuva. (See Hirhurei Teshuva p. 109,
Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that in your particular case, it is better to avoid telling what you did, because of the pain, distress and machlokes telling will cause.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 9/25/2020 5:07 PM |
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# 2857 Pay Back
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Q. A bochur took some money from someone and now wants to make teshuva and return it. He so did, he put it back and is sure that the owner didn't notice that it was missing. Does he have to tell him and ask mechila, (forgiveness)? He would be very embarrassed by this.
A. The Mishna (Yoma 85b) teaches that "Transgressions between a person and another, Yom Kippur does not atone until he appeases the other person." Similarly, the Mishna (Bava Kamma 92a) states that "Despite the fact that the assailant who caused damage gives to the victim all of the required payments for the injury, his transgression is not forgiven for him in the Heavenly Court until he requests forgiveness from the victim, as it is stated that Hashem told Abimelech after he had taken Sarah from Avraham: “Now, therefore restore the wife of the man; for he is a prophet, and he shall pray for you, and you shall live” (Bereshis 20: 7).
So rule Rambam (H.Teshuva 2: 9, H. and Chovel Umazik 5: 9), Shulchan Aruch (O.H. 606: 1), Shaarei Teshuva (Shaar 1: 44), and others, namely that one who steals or damages another, besides returning and repaying what was stolen or damaged, he has to ask forgiveness for his act.
However, Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that in this particular case, since the victim was not even aware of the loss inflicted on him and there was no suffering or distress caused, due to the sensitive and embarrassing circumstances involved, (Kavod Habriyos), there is no need to tell and ask forgiveness.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 9/25/2020 5:03 PM |
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# 2856 Holy Mask!
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Q. A friend of mine told me that in his shul, they are very careful with distancing and all attendants have to wear masks. The baal tokea had a mask on when he was blowing the shofar. How? Before Yom Tov he prepared a mask by making a hole where the right corner of his mouth is. Then proceeded to introduce there the shofar up to his lips, and blew as he usually does. Is that allowed?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that if it is obvious to all watching that the baal tokea is blowing directly from his lips, considering these days extraordinary circumstances, it is permitted.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 9/24/2020 10:28 PM |
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# 2855 Biting More Than One Can Chew
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Q. One of my young children grabbed the shofar I use in our shul and was playing with it, putting it into his mouth and biting with his small but sharp teeth, the outside surface of the shofar. Is that a problem, can I still use it?
A. Horav Shlomo Miller's Shlit'a opinion is that if the scratches and indentations are only on the outside surface and not in the area that touches the lips, there is no questionable issues.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 9/24/2020 10:25 PM |
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# 2854 Bowing Out?
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Q. My grandfather told me that in his shul in the 'alter haim' (old country), when Rosh Hashana fell on Shabbos, they did not kneel on aleinu leshabeach. I have told to many including Rabbonim, about this minhag and they all tell me that it is incorrect and all do kneel on Shabbos. Is that true?
A. Indeed, Eishel Avrohom (Butchatch 621), Hago'os Chochmas Shlomo (592), Piskei Teshuvos (591: 3: n. 12) mention that some have a minhag not to kneel on Rosh Hashono and some even on Yom Kippur when it coincides with Shabbos. Some maintain that on those days only the Shaliach Tzibur prostrates. (They mention as a reason, that on Shabbos we are more careful not to get dust on our clothing and then unwittingly removing it, or because one may fix gaps on the ground).
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit'a
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Posted 9/24/2020 10:23 PM |
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Important Numbers
