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Have a question? Send it in! Questions are answered by Rabbi Bartfeld.
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#5554 Sho-Far Sho Good?
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- Q. Kvod Rabenu as mentioned above in question 5549, is it really correct to blow shofar at night?
A. Aruch Hashulchan (581: 14), Moed Lekol Chai (11: 50), and others write that one should not blow shofar at night, even when done just for learning and training how to blow, since it creates a negative spiritual awakening reaction.
However, Magen Avrohom (114) seems to conflict, since he mentions the question if one is permitted to blow on the night before Rosh Hashana. It appears that on other nights it is permitted.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit’a
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Posted 8/22/2025 11:23 AM |
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#5553 - More Motion Added to the last Motion
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- We must add to the above question, what we wrote on Q. 3192, where we added the following:
“Q. I live in a building that uses in the halls a new type of electric bulbs. When one comes close to them they go brighter and then, as one walks away they dim. It is an individual process of each bulb. Can these be used during Shabbos? I find it extremely difficult to have to move to another building.
A. Presence sensor “Smart Lights’ are divided into two kinds. They can be activated by motion sensors, and sensors that actually detect the infrared radiation emanating from people around them. These components are usually referred to as infrared sensors, or Passive Infra Red (PIR) sensors.
On question 675 regarding walking down a street on Shabbos and being careful when to not activate motion sensor lights, we wrote:
“Shemiras Shabbos Kehilchoso (23: 53) quoting Yesodei Yishurun (5: p. 160) prohibits entering through an automatic door operated by a sensor. A light likewise turned on would be similar.
However when there is already enough light in the street and the additional one being activated by the sensor is unnecessary, it becomes a case of Pesik Reisho Delo Nicho Lei or a sure consequential act that provides no benefit, which Poskim permit when it is not intentional.
Some Poskim would permit walking by the sensor even when the light provides benefit, if one closes the eyes (39 Melochos p. 1215.)
Horav Shlomo Miller”s Shlit”a opinion is that one should try to avoid activating the sensor when possible and to cross over to the other side of the street. When that is not an option it is permitted, if it is unintentional.”
The Rov maintains that the same would apply to the new Smart Bulbs. However he recommends using the infrared activated bulbs over the motion activated.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit’a –
May 26, 2022
July 16, 2025
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Posted 8/22/2025 11:18 AM |
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#5552 - A Motion to Permit a Motion Detector
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- Q, As we were discussing the above Shaila
with our group of Rabbanim, the next Shaila became necessary to add to be added to the above one.
A. Q. Dear Rabbi, Is there an issue walking past a motion-sensor LED light that is always on but increases its brightness when you walk by it? It should be noted that it is possible to see and walk even when the light is at its dim, baseline level. The question is being asked on behalf of Jews who live in an apartment building which recently installed such lights in all of the hallways. Thank you.
A. On question 537 we wrote:
“Q. I live in a condo complex, and my neighbor installed a Motion Detector for their lights. Is it a problem to walk passed the light even if it will go on?
A. Regardless whether the motion detector is of the passive or active kind (infrared, ultrasonic or electromagnetic-field sensitive), when there is no alternative passage to avoid tripping the device, it would be considered an unavoidable act of Shabbos desecration (p’sik reisho) and prohibited (see Igrois Moishe Y.D. 1: 173 – Shmiras Shabbos Kehilchoso 23: n. 146 – 39 Melochos p. 1214.)
The above applies when you desire and derive significant benefit from the light provided (nicho leih). If you do not, as when there is already enough light to walk by and there is no other option, Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit”a opinion is that it is permitted in a case of great need, for the sake of a mitzvah, and when there is no other option.
Therefore, you may want to provide your own permanent light for Shabbos on that area, to avoid needing and benefiting from your neighbor’s light.
A similar psak has been amply quoted in the name of Horav Yosef Shalom Elyashiv’s Zt”l. Namely that he ruled, if one is on the way to do a mitzvah, as in going to and from shul, he is permitted to walk past the motion detector light if there is no other way to go. (See Shmiras Shabbos Kehilchoso ibid. and Horav Shmuel Wosner, Tchumin 23 p.277)”
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Yaakov Hirshman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit’a
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Posted 8/22/2025 11:13 AM |
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#5551 See The Light?
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- Q. Hello, I've seen several articles discussing moving lamps on Shabbat and they clearly say that it is not permitted to move them when there is a need due to the light being categorized the same way as a flame.
My understanding is that LED lights are not similar to the lights we've used in the past and that it may not be considered a flame and thus it should be permitted to move a light when needed. Which is the correct opinion regarding a LED light....can it be moved on shabbat when needed? Thanks!
A. On question 3167 we wrote:
“Q. Hello Rav, On Shabbat, are we able to move the new kosher lamps (or any similar light) that have LED or CFL light-bulbs in them? I know that fire (and thus incandescent bulbs) can’t be moved, but maybe these are not considered fire? If not, can they be moved with your foot like other type of muktza? Thanks!
A. On question 1599 in regards to the new Shabled light we wrote; “Horav Shlomo Miller”s Shlit”a opinion is in principle to agree to Horav Moshe Heinemann”s Shlit”a certification of the Shabled light use, when left turned on the entire Shabbos and when only the drawer is opened or closed to control the amount of light emitted.
However he disagrees with the New Square Kashrus Council certification that permits moving the unit when permitted utensils such as a watch or jewelry are placed inside the drawer. The reason being, is that the Rov considers the unit to be muktza machmas chisaron kis, since it is an electrical utensil dedicated to giving light that one does not usually use for any other purposes, even when another object is placed on the unit”s drawer. (See similar in Piskei Teshuvos 308: 2: n.9).
Therefore, it cannot be moved even when one needs its place, (lertzorech mekomo), or its use somewhere else (letzorech guffo).
In essence, this new light is not in Halacha much better than the one offered by Kosher Innovations on 2004, that could also not be moved from its place.”
Horav Shlomo Miller”s Shlit”a opinion in regards to the Shabbulb in principle is similar. The Rov disagrees however with Horav Osher Zelig Weiss Shlit”a, and maintains that the bulb itself is “muktze machmas chisaron kis”
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However, there is an additional important reason to avoid using the Shabbulb, since unlike the Kosher Innovation lamp, this bulb looks very similar to a common bulb. A casual observer of the closing and opening of the bulb may mistakenly assume that one is turning on and off a regular bulb which is obviously prohibited.”
See also question 1622, and next question.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as advised by Horav Shlomo Miller and Horav Aharon Miller Shlit’a
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Posted 8/22/2025 11:07 AM |
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#5550 Making Sense of Sensors
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- Q. Hello Rav, I'm looking into buying a video doorbell system. I believe it captures video and sends alerts to your phone when people are in front of it. What should I do with it on Shabbat?
For example, does it need to be covered? Is covering enough? What if I forgot to cover it one time, could we still use the front door. (I'm sephardic, so maybe there is more room for leniency with a d'rabbanan psik reisha where I'm not benefiting). THanks
A. Indeed one should disconnect or deactivate by covering the sensor.
On question 675 we wrote:
“Q. Does one have to be careful when walking down a street on Shabbos to not activate motion sensor lights? I would have to remember to cross the street to avoid one.
A. Shemiras Shabbos Kehilchoso (23: 53) quoting Yesodei Yishurun (5: p. 160) prohibits entering through an automatic door operated by a sensor.
A light that would likewise be turned on, would be similar. However when there is already enough light in the street and the additional one being activated by the sensor is unnecessary, it becomes a case of “Pesik Reisho Delo Nicho Lei” or a sure consequential act that provides no benefit, which Poskim permit when it is not intentional.
Some Poskim would permit walking by the sensor even when the light provides benefit, if one closes the eyes (39 Melochos p. 1215.)
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit”a opinion is that one should try to avoid activating the sensor when possible and to cross over to the other side of the street. When that is not an option it is permitted, if it is unintentional.”
In case one forgot to do so, one can ask a Gentile to cover it with a Shinui or in an unusual way.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revisedby, Horav Yaakov Hirshman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit’a
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Posted 8/22/2025 11:02 AM |
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#5549 Don’t Blow the Blow!
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- Q. See questions above. How about If I can’t make it for Mincha,can I still blow by Maariv?
In such situation, can one just hear see and hear the blowing on line?
A. On question 4391 we wrote:
“Q. Should someone who has to travel for business during Elul and will on some days be unable to daven with a minyan, can I then see and hear the shofar blowing in the morning via zoom?
A. On a similar question (3872) we were asked:
“As I have told the Rov, I zoom almost daily a good friend who is in hospital talk to him and often learn Torah with him. Is there a point to blow the Shofar of Elul to make him feel better?”
To what we answered: “Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that it is correct if it makes him feel better and it is part of the most important mitzva of Bikur Cholim.
The Rov added that you should make clear to him, that this zooming method cannot be used on Rosh Hashana itself, even when offered by some Jewish services at that hospital.
See question 3105 and 2325 regarding someone in a similar situation taking part of a family Pesach Seder on second day Yom Tov, using a zoom monitor left on before Yom Tov.”
In our case, one cannot comply even with the minhag of blowing shofar during Elul by zooming. Moreover, if one heard it on that way, if he has an opportunity during the day to hear it properly, one should do so. (See question above regarding blowing shofar by Mincha.) See also next question 5554
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Yaakov Hirshman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit’a
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Posted 8/22/2025 10:54 AM |
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#5548 A Late Blow?
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- Q. See question above. If I can’t blow for myself without a minyan, yet since I’m able to attend a shul for Mincha, if the people agree, can I blow the shofar then?
A. Mori Verabi, Horav Moishe Feinstein ZT”L rules that if a minyan did not blow in the morning, they can blow in the Mincha Tefila, since there are indeed congregations that blow in the evening prayers also (Igrois Moshe O.H. 4: p. 34).
Tzitz Eliezer 12; 40, Nitei Gavriel p. 27) add that the reasons for blowing the shofar do not necessarily apply when davening without a minyan.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is similar.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Yaakov Hirshman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit’a
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Posted 8/22/2025 10:46 AM |
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#5547 Shofar So Good?
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- Q. Dear Rov Shlit’a. Often, due to my occupation, I’m unable to attend davening in the morning with a minyan in our vicinity, so I daven on my own. Should I or can I also blow the shofar after my davening without a minyan?
A. On question 4392 we wrote:
“Q. On questions above, you mentioned that when davening without a minyan during Elul: Some interestingly recommend to obtain a shofar and to blow at least a Tekiah voice, which may no be that difficult to do.” Is that really required?
A. Not at all. Poskim write that when davening without a minyan during Elul no blowing of the shofar is required.
(Tzitz Eliezer 12; 40, Nitei Gavriel p. 27) as the reasons for blowing the shofar do not necessarily apply when davening without a minyan.
Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is similar.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Yaakov Hirshman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit’a
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Posted 8/22/2025 10:40 AM |
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#5546 Hashem’s Great Grace!
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- Q - See questions above.
Is it proper for one spending a night in a low class hotel on the highway, to leave on the image of the Kotel on his phone next to his bed for protection, since there is no Mezuza on the door?
A. As mentioned on the above questions, the image of the Kotel is questionable. It would be better to take a proper Torah Sefer (book) or Siddur and keep it for learning and davening, next to him when it is permitted by the laws of keeping the holiness of the sefarim next to one’s bed.
Moreover, in our days, by and with Hashem’s great grace, it is truly amazing that we have the availability of material for listening to accessible online, and these outstanding and very interesting Torah lectures and shiurim are often given by excellent and renown speakers.
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Posted 8/18/2025 1:51 PM |
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#5545 Place the Kotel on the Wall?
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- Q - See question above.
If the above is permitted, some have inquired if this image can be displayed on a large screen on the Mizrach (eastern) side of the shul, so people will have more kavana during davening?
A. As mentioned already above it should definitely avoid the images of the people attending.
However, even if only the upper part of the Kotel is displayed, it may not necessarily increase the kavana necessary during davening.
Some of our Rabbis expressed that we don’t really daven to the Kotel but rather to the Makom Kaddosh or the place behind, were the Bet Hamikdash was.
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Posted 8/18/2025 1:46 PM |
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#5544 - See the Phone? Framing the Picture Frame
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- Q. See question above.
Is it proper also for someone traveling by car, who has to stop on the road to daven (pray) a Tefila, to turn on the image of the Kotel on his phone or screen and daven in front of it to increase his Kavanah and intention?
A. As mentioned above, if the images involve the full presence of the people attending the Kotel, there may be many severe issues to avoid.
However, if it only presents the upper part of the Kotel, it would be permitted if it indeed increases the Kavanah and proper intention of the Tefila recited.
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Posted 8/18/2025 1:44 PM |
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#5543 The Contemporary Kotel?
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- Q. See question above. If the Kotel image is permitted, can it be left on during Shabbat also? As it already is, the images are anyway constantly displayed on line, for all to see. (Even on their phones).
A. Regarding leaving it on during Shabbos, on question 1791 we addressed the following inquiry:
“We have in our family room a very large screen which serves as a virtual picture frame. It changes according to the times as we program it, into different scenes, images and pictures of nature that we greatly enjoy.
We also display family photos, portraits etc.
Can you during the nine days, change the images into new ones? I once asked my local Rabbi about it when staying with him during Shabbat and he permitted it, if the controls are covered and inaccessible. Does HoRav Shlomo Miller agree?”
To what we then answered: “Horav Shlomo Miller’s Shlit’a opinion is that since the new picture displayed is only virtual and not real, it is not prohibited. However, to maintain and uphold the spirit of sobriety and sorrow that permeates and pervades during this period, it should better be left until after Tisha Beav.
The Rov also permits leaving on during Shabbos the picture displayed on the screen, if it does not change and stays the same during the complete Shabbos. He also maintains that the controls should be covered and inaccessible.”
In our case, since it is a live camera, Horav Yaakov Hirschman’s Shlit’a and Horav Aharon Miller’s Shlit’a opinions are that it should not be left on during Shabbos.
See also on questions 2334 of May 8, 2023.
“Our Rabbis maintain that the live images of the Kotel should not be displayed especially during Shabbat, since very often besides the lack of proper dressing of some of the attending, they also involve the desecration of Shabbat by some of the visitors.”
It may also likely involve the services of different non Orthodox services and likely also those of other religions.
See also questions 3841 & 3846.
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Posted 8/18/2025 1:40 PM |
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#5542 Framing the Picture Frame?
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- Q. Dearest Rabbi. Is it advised or even permitted to leave at home on the wall of the living room a large screen that displays the constant live image of the Kotel in Yerushalaim, as a Zecher Lechurban or memory of the destroyed Bet Hamikdash.
The live image is available on line for all hours of the day. Is it maybe incorrect and a desecration of the holiness of the Kotel. Can children play then on the living room, or it may be a lack of honor to the Kotel Displayed? Can guest eat and freely talk then there?
A. On a similar question 3841 we wrote:
“Dear Rov Shlit’a. Is it correct to place as a Zecher Lechurban (remainder to the destruction of the Bet Hamikdash) in our family room a small screen that constantly shows what is happening at the Kotel Hamaaravi via a live camera available online, since it gathers the attention of all. Is that advisable?”
To what we answered:
“Horav Yaakov Hirschman’s Shlit’a and Horav Aharon Miller’s Shlit’a opinion was that it is proper to do for those who use that type of communication. You may add a frame to the screen that contains written words of remembrance of the
Churban”
However, we must add that in the scenario you describe, it may be better to avoid using it, since the live images of the area of the Kotel likely involve some people doing, dressing or behaving improperly even when not in the area of the Kotel.
See next questions.
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Posted 8/17/2025 4:21 PM |
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#5541 – Have A True Ketiva Vechatima Tova!
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- Q – My dearest Rav Shli”a, I thank the Rav for all the so many answers you have written to me and the others of my group throughout many years.
I just attended a simcha in a new Shul in our neighborhood this Sunday morning (8: 10: 25), the day after Tu Beav, and after Davening, I heard a few people greeting each other with the customary blessing said on and close to Rosh Hashanah of Ketiva Vechatima Tova.
As I never heard this blessing said so much before the days of Judgement, we got into an argument.
Is it true and right for them, to already start using this blessing now?
A. Indeed, some Poskim write that it is customary for some to use already as early now this greeting.
See Nitei Gaveriel (98: 15), Shaar Yisoschor and others who quote that the tradition of (some) Chasidim, is to bless each other already today with a Ketiva Vechatima Tova.
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Posted 8/10/2025 1:24 PM |
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#5540 Toss The Towel Again ?
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- Regarding question 5537 above Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit’a added that if necessary one can rely on the fact that the hotel has one owner who has right of access to every room which may not require an eiruv and therefore it should be permitted to carry.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit’a
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Posted 8/8/2025 2:52 PM |
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#5539 Have a Real Good Shabbat Night
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- Q. Dear Rabbi Shlit’a. I understand that Tu Beav is important since it marks the time the nights are longer and the time for learning Torah increases. Why is the Torah learning at night more important than the day?
A. On question 5090 we wrote:
“Q. I wonder if I have the opportunity to learn before davening in the morning, or to do it by attending a shiur at night when I’m already a bit tired, which is preferable?
I usually do so in the morning since I’m rested and it is for me altogether much better. Yet I hear and see in Torah articles and tapes that Tu Beav is a great Yom Tov because then the nights get longer and you have a greater opportunity to learn at night, and learning then is better and more important. So really which is it?
A. The Talmud at the end of Ta’anis (31a), teaches that: From the fifteenth of Av onward, when the days begin to shorten, one who adds to his nightly Torah study will add years to his life, and he who does not add [mosif] will be gathered [ye’asef].
The Gemara asks: What is the meaning of the phrase: He will be gathered? Rav Yosef said: It means that his mother will bury him, as he will be gathered to his grave (see Genesis 49:33). We do realize the importance of learning at night and adding to it.
Indeed, as you mentioned, it is better to learn when a person is rested and his mind is clear. However, to comply with the above he should learn some Torah at night also.”
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit’a
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Posted 8/8/2025 11:02 AM |
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#5538 Dance at the Right Wedding!
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- Q. Dear Rav, as we approach Tu Beav this Shabbat I would like to understand more the real meaning of this day and how it is connected to getting married. Thank you so much.
A. On question 5094 we wrote:
“Q. Kvod Horav Shli”a. Should one choose when possible to get married on Tu Beav? Is there a special meaning and importance on getting married then?
A. Zohar (2 p. 195) mentions that Tu Beav is a day of Simcha and joy due to the Ilui Shechinah. In fact, Tu BeAv is the day that the Jews in the desert merited Hashroas HaShechinah, from the Simcha generated by realizing the decree was rescinded.
According to the Bnei Yisaschar all the reasons that Chazal give for the celebrating of Tu Be’av revolve around reconciliation and harmony, whether it is within the Bnei Yisroel themselves, or between them and Hashem. It is the rectification of the sins of Tisha Beav.
Also, it is the 28th day from Shiva Asar Betamuz, that is the gematria of כח, or strength, as we hope that the incomplete names of Hashem which add up to, and is also highlighted on 22nd day from Shiva Asar BTamuz, or Tisha Beav the day when the Bet Hamikdosh was destroyed, is to be completed and restored on the 28th.
Similarly, the Apter Rebbe Zt”L explains that the significance of the circle dance associated with Tu BeAv is that the ultimate dance of the days of Moshiach, when the righteous will dance in a circle around Hashem.
Tu BeAv refers to the 15th letter (Tu is gematria 15) in the Aleph Bet (Av spells Aleph Bet), which is Samach. The Samach is complete and round. A circle is a symbol of the day upon which the civil war ended and marriages were made because a circle is round without any beginning or end or conflict.
Since the 25 of Elul is the day of the creation of the world, and according to the Arizal, it is the day of the creation of the world in actuality, then 40 days prior is when the thought of its concept was conjured in Hashem’s mind, so to speak.
See also Bnei Yisaschar Mamarei Tamuz – Av 4:1 quoting Rav Avraham Yehoshua Heschel of Mezibush.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Yaakov Hirschman, Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit’a
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Posted 8/8/2025 10:57 AM |
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#5537 Toss In The Towel?
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- Q. See question above. I would also like to know if it is permitted to carry a towel on the hotel building and swimming pool area?
A. Shoshanas Yisroel (33: 8) above, also mentions this leniency in above case, since he quotes as above, that the custom is that we are not concerned with carrying in this situation, since it is done for a mitzva.
Horav
Kalman Ochs Shlit’a opines that if necessary one can rely on the
fact that the hotel has one owner who has right of access to every
room which may not require an eiruv
However as mentioned above, Horav Yaakov Hirschman and Horav Dovid Pam, Shlita maintain that a proper Eruv has to be made as Halacha dictates.
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Posted 8/8/2025 10:54 AM |
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#5536 Need Deap End of Talent Pool!
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– Q. Kvod Ravenu Shlit’a. Ass we spoke, our family is going on a much needed vacation an we will be staying in a good deal hotel.
Since I usually go to the mikva for Tevilas Ezrah (after family relations), I would like to use in the hotel we are staying, the swimming pool for the Tevilah, as I know is permitted and many do so, even when one is wearing a bathing suit.
My shailah is if it can be done also on Shabbos, as I would go very early when it is still empty.
A. Actually, Shoshanas Yisroel (33: 8) Quotes Horav Shlomo Miller Shlit’a ruling that it is permitted. Yet one has to be careful not to squeeze any water of the bathing suit. He explains that our Sages permitted it, since we are not concerned of the above when the immersing is done for a Mitzva.
Horav Yaakov Hirschman and Horav Dovid Pam, Shlita maintain that just for a mitzva that is optional and not essential, it should be avoided. Besides, one needs proper Eiruv Chatzeiros set before Shabbos to be able to carry.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Yaakov Hirschman Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit’a”
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Posted 8/8/2025 10:48 AM |
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#5535 The Sooner the Better?
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– Q. Dear Rabbi. I’m supposed to sign in tomorrow into a new big business and real expensive investment, that is also a very important for some Chesed charities and a great mitzva for my children’s support and others.
As the Rabbi advised, I was waiting until the end of the Three Weeks for doing so. Now I heard and read that it may be even better to wait until after Tu Beav on this coming Shabbat Nachamu. What should I do to get the best Mazal?
A. On question 5087 we wrote:
“Q. I’m getting married next week for a third time, with a chupa done in a small Shul. Is it best to wait until after T’u Beav is over, or is it sufficient just after Shabbat Nachamu or even after the Tenth of Av?
A. Horav Yaakov Hirschman Shlit”a and the rest of our Rabbonim maintain that the sooner the better, since “Zerizim Makdimin Lemitzvos” (The agile and nimble are fast and early in performing miyzvos). In our case it involved the help to many that we must observe.
Rabbi A. Bartfeld as revised by, Horav Yaakov Hirschman Horav Dovid Pam, Horav Aharon Miller, Horav Chanoch Ehrentreu and Horav Kalman Ochs Shlit’a”
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Posted 8/8/2025 10:35 AM |
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Important Numbers
